Kimura Mika, Moriyasu Ai, Kumagai Shu, Furuna Taketo
Center for Health Promotion, International Life Sciences Institute Japan.
Nihon Koshu Eisei Zasshi. 2016;63(11):682-693. doi: 10.11236/jph.63.11_682.
Objective The purpose of this study was to evaluate the comprehensive health program "Sumida TAKE10!", which aims to improve dietary habits and promote physical activity among community-dwelling older adults including the pre-frail elderly. This study has been ongoing since 2005 in Sumida Ward, Tokyo with the ultimate aim of preventing or delaying the need for long-term nursing care. We used the term "pre-frail elderly" for older adults who are at risk of requiring long-term care.Methods "Sumida TAKE10!" consists of a general lecture in a public hall followed by 5 educational sessions biweekly at 4-6 community centers. From 2008 to 2013, 402 participants aged ≥65 years were enrolled and included as subjects of the study. The main outcome measures were changes in 10 food intake frequencies, food frequency score (FFS), dietary variety score (DVS), frequency of exercise (obtained via questionnaire) and physical fitness (5-meter maximal walking time, 5-meter walking time, handgrip strength, one-leg standing time with eyes opened (time to upright posture for standing on one leg with eyes open), and the timed up & go test). The secondary outcome measures were changes in the Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology (TMIG) Index of Competence score, appetite, frequency of walking and sports, self-rated health, frequency of leaving the house, communication with neighbors, engagement in hobbies, participation in group activities and participation in volunteer activities (obtained via questionnaire).Results Compared to baseline, all outcomes showed significant improvement. "Sumida TAKE10!" can improve dietary habits and increase the physical activity of participants. Positive secondary effects were seen for life function, self-rated health, and social activities. Almost identical positive results were obtained from the pre-frail elderly group, while improvement was also seen in the dietary habits of the subjects who do not cook.Conclusion These results suggest that this program may be useful for population-based approach programs. In addition, comprehensive programs like TAKE10! may increase the health consciousness of community-dwelling older adults.
目的 本研究旨在评估综合健康项目“墨田TAKE10！”，该项目旨在改善社区居住的老年人（包括虚弱前期老年人）的饮食习惯并促进其身体活动。本研究自2005年起在东京墨田区开展，最终目标是预防或延缓长期护理需求。我们将“虚弱前期老年人”定义为有长期护理风险的老年人。
方法 “墨田TAKE10！”包括在公共礼堂举办一场讲座，随后在4至6个社区中心每两周进行5次教育课程。2008年至2013年，招募了402名年龄≥65岁的参与者并将其纳入研究对象。主要结局指标为10种食物摄入频率、食物频率得分（FFS）、饮食多样性得分（DVS）、运动频率（通过问卷调查获得）以及身体素质（5米最大步行时间、5米步行时间、握力、睁眼单腿站立时间（睁眼单腿站立至直立姿势的时间）以及计时起立行走测试）的变化。次要结局指标为东京都老人综合研究所（TMIG）能力指数得分、食欲、步行和运动频率、自评健康、出门频率、与邻居交流、参与爱好活动、参与团体活动以及参与志愿者活动（通过问卷调查获得）的变化。
结果 与基线相比，所有结局均有显著改善。“墨田TAKE10！”可改善参与者的饮食习惯并增加其身体活动。在生活功能、自评健康和社会活动方面观察到了积极的次要效应。虚弱前期老年人组也获得了几乎相同的积极结果，同时不做饭的受试者的饮食习惯也有所改善。
结论 这些结果表明该项目可能对基于人群的干预项目有用。此外，像TAKE10！这样的综合项目可能会提高社区居住老年人的健康意识。
