Hayat Shabina A, Luben Robert, Dalzell Nichola, Moore Stephanie, Anuj Serena, Matthews Fiona E, Wareham Nick, Brayne Carol, Khaw Kay-Tee
Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Institute of Public Health, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
MRC Biostatistics Un it, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge Institute of Public Health, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
PLoS One. 2016 Dec 8;11(12):e0166779. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0166779. eCollection 2016.
Cognition covers a range of abilities, such as memory, response time and language, with tests assessing either specific or generic aspects. However differences between measures may be observed within the same individuals.
To investigate the cross-sectional association of cognitive performance and socio-demographic factors using different assessment tools across a range of abilities in a British cohort study.
Participants of the European Prospective Investigation of Cancer (EPIC) in Norfolk Study, aged 48-92 years, underwent a cognitive assessment between 2006 and 2011 (piloted between 2004 and 2006) and were investigated over a different domains using a range of cognitive tests.
Cognitive measures were available on 8584 men and women. Though age, sex, education and social class were all independently associated with cognitive performance in multivariable analysis, different associations were observed for different cognitive tests. Increasing age was associated with increased risk of a poor performance score in all of the tests, except for the National Adult Reading Test (NART), an assessment of crystallized intelligence. Compared to women, men were more likely to have had poor performance for verbal episodic memory, Odds Ratio, OR = 1.99 (95% Confidence Interval, 95% CI 1.72, 2.31), attention OR = 1.62, (95% CI 1.39, 1.88) and prospective memory OR = 1.46, (95% CI 1.29, 1.64); however, no sex difference was observed for global cognition, OR = 1.07 (95%CI 0.93, 1.24). The association with education was strongest for NART, and weakest for processing speed.
Age, sex, education and social class were all independently associated with performance on cognitive tests assessing a range of different domains. However, the magnitude of associations of these factors with different cognitive tests differed. The varying relationships seen across different tests may help explain discrepancies in results reported in the current literature, and provides insights into influences on cognitive performance in later life.
认知涵盖一系列能力，如记忆、反应时间和语言能力，相关测试可评估特定或一般方面。然而，在同一个体中可能会观察到不同测量方法之间的差异。
在一项英国队列研究中，使用不同评估工具，调查一系列能力的认知表现与社会人口学因素之间的横断面关联。
诺福克欧洲癌症前瞻性调查（EPIC）研究的参与者年龄在48 - 92岁之间，于2006年至2011年（2004年至2006年进行试点）接受了认知评估，并使用一系列认知测试在不同领域进行了调查。
8584名男性和女性有认知测量数据。在多变量分析中，年龄、性别、教育程度和社会阶层均与认知表现独立相关，但不同认知测试观察到不同的关联。除了评估晶体智力的国家成人阅读测试（NART）外，年龄增长与所有测试中表现得分差的风险增加相关。与女性相比，男性在言语情景记忆方面表现较差的可能性更大，优势比（OR）= 1.99（95%置信区间，95%CI 1.72, 2.31），注意力方面OR = 1.62（95%CI 1.39, 1.88），前瞻性记忆方面OR = 1.46（95%CI 1.29, 1.64）；然而，在整体认知方面未观察到性别差异，OR = 1.07（95%CI 0.93, 1.24）。与教育程度的关联在NART中最强，在处理速度方面最弱。
年龄、性别、教育程度和社会阶层均与评估一系列不同领域的认知测试表现独立相关。然而，这些因素与不同认知测试的关联程度不同。在不同测试中看到的不同关系可能有助于解释当前文献中报道的结果差异，并为晚年认知表现的影响因素提供见解。
