Yap Marie B H, Morgan Amy J, Cairns Kathryn, Jorm Anthony F, Hetrick Sarah E, Merry Sally
School of Psychological Sciences, Monash Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neurosciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia; Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia.
Clin Psychol Rev. 2016 Dec;50:138-158. doi: 10.1016/j.cpr.2016.10.003. Epub 2016 Oct 21.
Burgeoning evidence that modifiable parental factors can influence children's and adolescents' risk for depression and anxiety indicates that parents can play a crucial role in prevention of these disorders in their children. However, it remains unclear whether preventive interventions that are directed primarily at the parent (i.e. where the parent receives more than half of the intervention) are effective in reducing child internalizing (including both depression and anxiety) problems in the longer term.
Compared to a range of comparison conditions, parenting interventions reduced child internalizing problems, at a minimum of 6months after the intervention was delivered. Mean effects were very small for measures of internalizing and depressive symptoms, and small for measures of anxiety symptoms. Pooled effects for anxiety diagnoses were significant and indicated a number needed to treat (NNT) of 10. Pooled effects for depression diagnoses approached significance but suggested a NNT of 11. These results were based on effects reported at the longest follow-up interval for each included study, which ranged from 6months up to 15years for internalizing measures, 5.5years for depressive measures, and 11years for anxiety measures.
Our findings underscore the likely benefits of increasing parental involvement in preventing internalizing problems, particularly anxiety problems, in young people.
越来越多的证据表明，可改变的父母因素会影响儿童和青少年患抑郁症和焦虑症的风险，这表明父母在预防孩子出现这些疾病方面可发挥关键作用。然而，主要针对父母的预防性干预措施（即父母接受超过一半的干预）从长期来看是否能有效减少孩子的内化问题（包括抑郁症和焦虑症）仍不明确。
与一系列对照条件相比，育儿干预措施在实施干预至少6个月后减少了孩子的内化问题。内化症状和抑郁症状测量的平均效应非常小，焦虑症状测量的平均效应较小。焦虑症诊断的合并效应显著，所需治疗人数（NNT）为10。抑郁症诊断的合并效应接近显著，但所需治疗人数为11。这些结果基于每项纳入研究最长随访期报告的效应，内化测量的随访期从6个月到15年不等，抑郁测量为5.5年，焦虑测量为11年。
我们的研究结果强调了增加父母参与预防年轻人内化问题，特别是焦虑问题的潜在益处。
