Espinosa O A, Serrano M G, Camargo E P, Teixeira M M G, Shaw J J
Departamento de Parasitologia,Universidade de São Paulo,São Paulo, SP,Brazil.
Virginia Commonwealth University,Center for the Study of Biological Complexity,Richmond,Virginia,USA.
Parasitology. 2018 Apr;145(4):430-442. doi: 10.1017/S0031182016002092. Epub 2016 Dec 15.
We propose a taxonomic revision of the dixenous trypanosomatids currently classified as Endotrypanum and Leishmania, including parasites that do not fall within the subgenera L. (Leishmania) and L. (Viannia) related to human leishmaniasis or L. (Sauroleishmania) formed by leishmanias of lizards: L. colombiensis, L. equatorensis, L. herreri, L. hertigi, L. deanei, L. enriettii and L. martiniquensis. The comparison of these species with newly characterized isolates from sloths, porcupines and phlebotomines from central and South America unveiled new genera and subgenera supported by past (RNA PolII gene) and present (V7V8 SSU rRNA, Hsp70 and gGAPDH) phylogenetic analyses of the organisms. The genus Endotrypanum is restricted to Central and South America, comprising isolates from sloths and transmitted by phlebotomines that sporadically infect humans. This genus is the closest to the new genus Porcisia proposed to accommodate the Neotropical porcupine parasites originally described as L. hertigi and L. deanei. A new subgenus Leishmania (Mundinia) is created for the L. enriettii complex that includes L. martiniquensis. The new genus Zelonia harbours trypanosomatids from Neotropical hemipterans placed at the edge of the Leishmania-Endotrypanum-Porcisia clade. Finally, attention is drawn to the status of L. siamensis and L. australiensis as nomem nudums.
我们提议对目前分类为内锥虫属和利什曼原虫属的双宿主锥虫进行分类修订，其中包括不属于与人类利什曼病相关的利什曼原虫亚属（利什曼原虫）和维氏亚属（维氏利什曼原虫），或不属于由蜥蜴利什曼原虫形成的蜥利什曼原虫亚属的寄生虫：哥伦比亚利什曼原虫、赤道利什曼原虫、赫雷里利什曼原虫、赫蒂吉利什曼原虫、迪内利什曼原虫、恩氏利什曼原虫和马提尼克利什曼原虫。将这些物种与来自中美洲和南美洲树懒、豪猪及白蛉新鉴定的分离株进行比较，通过过去（RNA PolII基因）和现在（V7V8 SSU rRNA、Hsp70和gGAPDH）对这些生物体的系统发育分析，揭示了新的属和亚属。内锥虫属仅限于中美洲和南美洲，包括来自树懒的分离株，并由偶尔感染人类的白蛉传播。该属与新提出的猪锥虫属最为接近，后者用于容纳最初被描述为赫蒂吉利什曼原虫和迪内利什曼原虫的新热带豪猪寄生虫。为包括马提尼克利什曼原虫在内的恩氏利什曼原虫复合体创建了一个新的利什曼原虫亚属（蒙迪尼亚亚属）。新的泽洛尼亚属包含来自新热带半翅目的锥虫，位于利什曼原虫 - 内锥虫属 - 猪锥虫属进化枝的边缘。最后，提请注意暹罗利什曼原虫和澳大利亚利什曼原虫作为裸名的地位。
