Elaad E, Ben-Shakhar G
Psychophysiology. 1989 Jul;26(4):442-51. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-8986.1989.tb01950.x.
Two independent experiments were designed to investigate the effects of motivation to deceive and the type of verbal response on psychophysiological detection using the Guilty Knowledge Technique. The first was a field experiment in which 72 subjects were randomly assigned to 8 experimental conditions. These conditions were created by a 2 x 4 factorial design (two motivational states crossed with four verbal response modes--affirming, denying, repeating, or no verbal response to questions about personal information). The second experiment was a laboratory experiment in which 160 students were assigned to the same 8 conditions. Results of both experiments indicated that highly motivated subjects were detected better than less motivated subjects. The act of lying was associated with enhanced differential responsivity, but no effects were obtained for verbal response versus no response or for variable versus standard verbal response. Differential responsivity tended to decline when questions were repeated. The first experiment revealed a clear advantage of electrodermal measures over respiration and cardiovascular measures. The results were discussed in relation to previous findings, a new theoretical formulation, and practical implications.
设计了两项独立实验，以使用有罪知识技术研究欺骗动机和言语反应类型对心理生理检测的影响。第一个是现场实验，72名受试者被随机分配到8种实验条件。这些条件是通过2×4析因设计创建的（两种动机状态与四种言语反应模式交叉——对关于个人信息的问题进行肯定、否定、重复或无言语反应）。第二个实验是实验室实验，160名学生被分配到相同的8种条件。两项实验的结果均表明，动机强烈的受试者比动机较弱的受试者更容易被检测到。说谎行为与增强的差异反应性相关，但在言语反应与无反应之间或可变言语反应与标准言语反应之间未获得任何效果。当问题被重复时，差异反应性往往会下降。第一个实验揭示了皮肤电测量相对于呼吸和心血管测量的明显优势。结合先前的研究结果、一种新的理论表述和实际意义对结果进行了讨论。
