Watts Allison W, Loth Katie, Berge Jerica M, Larson Nicole, Neumark-Sztainer Dianne
J Acad Nutr Diet. 2017 May;117(5):707-714. doi: 10.1016/j.jand.2016.10.026. Epub 2016 Dec 15.
Despite research linking family meals to healthier diets, some families are unable to have regular meals together. These families need guidance about other ways to promote healthy eating among adolescents.
Our aim was to examine the association between various parenting practices and adolescent fruit and vegetable (F/V) intake at different levels of family meal frequency.
We conducted a cross-sectional, population-based survey of influences on adolescent weight-related behaviors using Project EAT (Eating and Activity in Teens) 2010.
PARTICIPANTS/SETTING: Participants were 2,491 adolescents recruited from middle/high schools in Minneapolis/St Paul, MN.
Adolescent F/V intake was ascertained with a food frequency questionnaire. Survey items assessed frequency of family meals and F/V parenting practices (availability, accessibility, parent modeling, parent encouragement, and family communication).
Linear regression models were used to examine associations with and interactions among family meals and parenting practices. Models were adjusted for age, sex, socioeconomic status, race/ethnicity, and energy intake (kilocalories per day).
Family meals, F/V availability, F/V accessibility, F/V modeling, and encouragement to eat healthy foods were independently associated with higher F/V intake. Of the 949 (34%) adolescents who reported infrequent family meals (≤2 days/wk), mean F/V intake was 3.6 servings/day for those with high home F/V availability vs 3.0 servings/day for those with low home F/V availability. Similar differences in mean F/V intake (0.3 to 0.6 servings/day) were found for high vs low F/V accessibility, parental modeling, and parent encouragement for healthy eating. Frequent family meals in addition to more favorable parenting practices were associated with the highest F/V intakes.
Food parenting practices and family meals are associated with greater adolescent F/V intake. Longitudinal and intervention studies are needed to determine which combination of parenting practices will lead to improvements in adolescent diets.
尽管有研究表明家庭聚餐与更健康的饮食相关，但一些家庭无法经常一起用餐。这些家庭需要关于促进青少年健康饮食的其他方法的指导。
我们的目的是研究在不同家庭用餐频率水平下，各种养育方式与青少年水果和蔬菜（F/V）摄入量之间的关联。
我们使用2010年“青少年饮食与活动”（Project EAT）对影响青少年体重相关行为进行了一项基于人群的横断面调查。
参与者/地点：参与者是从明尼苏达州明尼阿波利斯/圣保罗的中学/高中招募的2491名青少年。
通过食物频率问卷确定青少年的F/V摄入量。调查项目评估了家庭用餐频率以及F/V养育方式（可获得性、可及性、父母示范、父母鼓励和家庭沟通）。
使用线性回归模型来研究家庭用餐和养育方式之间的关联及相互作用。模型对年龄、性别、社会经济地位、种族/族裔和能量摄入量（每天千卡数）进行了调整。
家庭聚餐、F/V可获得性、F/V可及性、F/V示范以及对健康饮食的鼓励与更高的F/V摄入量独立相关。在报告家庭聚餐不频繁（≤2天/周）的949名（34%）青少年中，家中F/V可获得性高的青少年平均F/V摄入量为3.6份/天，而家中F/V可获得性低的青少年为3.0份/天。在F/V可及性、父母示范以及父母对健康饮食的鼓励方面，高与低水平之间的平均F/V摄入量也存在类似差异（0.3至0.6份/天）。频繁的家庭聚餐以及更有利的养育方式与最高的F/V摄入量相关。
食物养育方式和家庭聚餐与青少年更高的F/V摄入量相关。需要进行纵向和干预研究来确定哪种养育方式组合将导致青少年饮食的改善。
