运动诱导的生化变化及其对癌症的潜在影响：一项科学综述。
Exercise-induced biochemical changes and their potential influence on cancer: a scientific review.
作者信息
Thomas Robert James, Kenfield Stacey A, Jimenez Alfonso
机构信息
Primrose Oncology Unit, Bedford Hospital NHS Trust, Bedford, UK.
Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA.
出版信息
Br J Sports Med. 2017 Apr;51(8):640-644. doi: 10.1136/bjsports-2016-096343. Epub 2016 Dec 19.
AIM
To review and discuss the available international literature regarding the indirect and direct biochemical mechanisms that occur after exercise, which could positively, or negatively, influence oncogenic pathways.
METHODS
The PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase and Cochrane libraries were searched for papers up to July 2016 addressing biochemical changes after exercise with a particular reference to cancer. The three authors independently assessed their appropriateness for inclusion in this review based on their scientific quality and relevance.
RESULTS
168 papers were selected and categorised into indirect and direct biochemical pathways. The indirect effects included changes in vitamin D, weight reduction, sunlight exposure and improved mood. The direct effects included insulin-like growth factor, epigenetic effects on gene expression and DNA repair, vasoactive intestinal peptide, oxidative stress and antioxidant pathways, heat shock proteins, testosterone, irisin, immunity, chronic inflammation and prostaglandins, energy metabolism and insulin resistance.
SUMMARY
Exercise is one of several lifestyle factors known to lower the risk of developing cancer and is associated with lower relapse rates and better survival. This review highlights the numerous biochemical processes, which explain these potential anticancer benefits.
目的
回顾并讨论关于运动后发生的间接和直接生化机制的现有国际文献，这些机制可能对致癌途径产生积极或消极影响。
方法
在PubMed、MEDLINE、Embase和Cochrane数据库中检索截至2016年7月的论文，这些论文涉及运动后的生化变化，特别提及癌症。三位作者根据论文的科学质量和相关性独立评估其是否适合纳入本综述。
结果
选取了168篇论文并分为间接和直接生化途径。间接影响包括维生素D变化、体重减轻、阳光照射和情绪改善。直接影响包括胰岛素样生长因子、基因表达和DNA修复的表观遗传效应、血管活性肠肽、氧化应激和抗氧化途径、热休克蛋白、睾酮、鸢尾素、免疫、慢性炎症和前列腺素、能量代谢和胰岛素抵抗。
总结
运动是已知的降低患癌风险的几种生活方式因素之一，并且与较低的复发率和更好的生存率相关。本综述强调了众多生化过程，这些过程解释了这些潜在的抗癌益处。
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