Chiu Yi-Hsiang, Lu Frank Jing-Horng, Lin Ju-Han, Nien Chiao-Lin, Hsu Ya-Wen, Liu Hong-Yu
Graduate Institute of Physical Education, National Taiwan Sport University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
Graduate Institute of Sport Coaching Science, Chinese Culture University, Taipei, Taiwan.
PeerJ. 2016 Dec 15;4:e2790. doi: 10.7717/peerj.2790. eCollection 2016.
Although Perceived Stress Scale (PSS, Cohen, Kamarack & Mermelstein, 1983) has been validated and widely used in many domains, there is still no validation in sports by comparing athletes and non-athletes and examining related psychometric indices.
The purpose of this study was to examine the measurement invariance of PSS between athletes and non-athletes, and examine construct validity and reliability in the sports contexts.
Study 1 sampled 359 college student-athletes (males = 233; females = 126) and 242 non-athletes (males = 124; females = 118) and examined factorial structure, measurement invariance and internal consistency. Study 2 sampled 196 student-athletes (males = 139, females = 57, = 19.88 yrs, SD = 1.35) and examined discriminant validity and convergent validity of PSS. Study 3 sampled 37 student-athletes to assess test-retest reliability of PSS.
Results found that 2-factor PSS-10 fitted the model the best and had appropriate reliability. Also, there was a measurement invariance between athletes and non-athletes; and PSS positively correlated with athletic burnout and life stress but negatively correlated with coping efficacy provided evidence of discriminant validity and convergent validity. Further, the test-retest reliability for PSS subscales was significant ( = .66 and = .50).
It is suggested that 2-factor PSS-10 can be a useful tool in assessing perceived stress either in sports or non-sports settings. We suggest future study may use 2-factor PSS-10 in examining the effects of stress on the athletic injury, burnout, and psychiatry disorders.
尽管感知压力量表（PSS，科恩、卡马拉克和梅尔梅斯坦，1983年）已得到验证并在许多领域广泛使用，但通过比较运动员和非运动员并检验相关心理测量指标，该量表在体育领域仍未得到验证。
本研究旨在检验PSS在运动员和非运动员之间的测量不变性，并检验其在体育背景下的结构效度和信度。
研究1对359名大学生运动员（男性=233名；女性=126名）和242名非运动员（男性=124名；女性=118名）进行抽样，检验其因子结构、测量不变性和内部一致性。研究2对196名学生运动员（男性=139名，女性=57名，年龄=19.88岁，标准差=1.35）进行抽样，检验PSS的区分效度和聚合效度。研究3对37名学生运动员进行抽样，评估PSS的重测信度。
结果发现，两因素PSS-10对模型的拟合效果最佳且具有适当的信度。此外，运动员和非运动员之间存在测量不变性；PSS与运动倦怠和生活压力呈正相关，但与应对效能呈负相关，这为区分效度和聚合效度提供了证据。此外，PSS分量表的重测信度显著（r=.66和r=.50）。
建议两因素PSS-10可作为评估体育或非体育环境中感知压力的有用工具。我们建议未来的研究可使用两因素PSS-10来检验压力对运动损伤、倦怠和精神疾病的影响。
