诺贝尔奖提名者与 1900 年前后欧洲泌尿外科学的兴起。
Nobel Prize nominees and the rise of urology in Europe around 1900.
机构信息
Department of the History, Philosophy, and Ethics of Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany.
出版信息
World J Urol. 2017 Aug;35(8):1291-1295. doi: 10.1007/s00345-016-1989-x. Epub 2016 Dec 21.
PURPOSE
Recent historical research has reconstructed the roads leading to the Nobel Prize for the trained urologists Werner Forssmann (1904-1979) in 1956 and Charles Huggins (1901-1997) in 1966. However, the story of urology and the Nobel Prize does not start and end with the laureates. Taking James Israel (1848-1926), Félix Guyon (1831-1920), and Peter J Freyer (1852-1921) as examples, this paper shows that pioneers in urology were in fact runners-up for the award much earlier.
METHODS
The study is based on an analysis of original files in the Nobel Prize archive in Stockholm, scientific publications of the early twentieth century, and secondary literature.
RESULT AND CONCLUSION
We argue that Israel's, Guyon's, and Freyer's candidacies reflect not only scientific trends and controversies in urology at the turn of twentieth century, but that the development of the specialty itself was reflected in nominations of physicians working on problems of the genito-urinary system.
目的
最近的历史研究重建了 1956 年受训泌尿科医生 Werner Forssmann（1904-1979）和 1966 年 Charles Huggins（1901-1997）获得诺贝尔奖的道路。然而，泌尿科和诺贝尔奖的故事并不始于获奖者，也不会终于获奖者。本文以 James Israel（1848-1926）、Félix Guyon（1831-1920）和 Peter J Freyer（1852-1921）为例，表明泌尿科的先驱者实际上早在之前就已经是该奖项的亚军了。
方法
该研究基于对斯德哥尔摩诺贝尔档案中的原始文件、二十世纪初的科学出版物和二手文献的分析。
结果与结论
我们认为，Israel、Guyon 和 Freyer 的提名不仅反映了 20 世纪之交泌尿科的科学趋势和争议，而且提名从事生殖泌尿系统问题的医生也反映了该专业本身的发展。
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