Bueno Marina Galvão, Martinez Nádia, Abdalla Lívia, Duarte Dos Santos Claudia Nunes, Chame Marcia
Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Programa Institucional Biodiversidade e Saúde, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Laboratório de Virologia Molecular, Instituto Carlos Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.
PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2016 Dec 22;10(12):e0005073. doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0005073. eCollection 2016 Dec.
Zika virus (ZIKV) was first isolated in 1947 in primates in Uganda, West Africa. The virus remained confined to the equatorial regions of Africa and Asia, cycling between infecting monkeys, arboreal mosquitoes, and occasionally humans. The ZIKV Asiatic strain was probably introduced into Brazil in or around late 2013. Presently, ZIKV is in contact with the rich biodiversity in all Brazilian biomes, bordering on other Latin American countries. Infections in Brazilian primates have been reported recently, but the overall impact of this virus on wildlife in the Americas is still unknown. The current epidemic in the Americas requires knowledge on the role of mammals, especially nonhuman primates (NHPs), in ZIKV transmission to humans. The article discusses the available data on ZIKV in host animals and issues of biodiversity, rapid environmental change, and impact on human health in megadiverse Latin American countries. The authors reviewed scientific articles and recent news stories on ZIKV in animals, showing that 47 animal species from three orders (mammals, reptiles, and birds) have been investigated for the potential to establish a sylvatic cycle. The review aims to contribute to epidemiological studies and the knowledge on the natural history of ZIKV. The article concludes with questions that require urgent attention in epidemiological studies involving wildlife in order to understand their role as ZIKV hosts and to effectively control the epidemic.
寨卡病毒（ZIKV）于1947年首次在西非乌干达的灵长类动物中分离出来。该病毒一直局限于非洲和亚洲的赤道地区，在感染猴子、树栖蚊子以及偶尔感染人类之间循环传播。寨卡病毒亚洲毒株可能于2013年末或前后传入巴西。目前，寨卡病毒接触到了巴西所有生物群落丰富的生物多样性，并与其他拉丁美洲国家接壤。最近有报道称巴西灵长类动物受到感染，但这种病毒对美洲野生动物的总体影响仍然未知。美洲当前的疫情需要了解哺乳动物，尤其是非人灵长类动物（NHPs）在寨卡病毒传播给人类过程中的作用。本文讨论了宿主动物中寨卡病毒的现有数据，以及生物多样性、快速的环境变化和拉丁美洲生物多样性丰富国家对人类健康的影响等问题。作者回顾了关于动物中寨卡病毒的科学文章和近期新闻报道，发现已经对三个目（哺乳动物、爬行动物和鸟类）的47种动物进行了建立野生动物传播循环可能性的调查。该综述旨在为流行病学研究以及寨卡病毒自然史的知识贡献力量。文章最后提出了一些问题，这些问题在涉及野生动物的流行病学研究中需要紧急关注，以便了解它们作为寨卡病毒宿主的作用并有效控制疫情。
