Gil-Montoya José Antonio, Sánchez-Lara Inés, Carnero-Pardo Cristobal, Fornieles-Rubio Francisco, Montes Juan, Barrios Rocío, Gonzalez-Moles Miguel Angel, Bravo Manuel
Institute of Bio-health Research of Granada, School of Dentistry, Granada, Spain.
Neurology Department, Virgen de las Nieves University Hospital, Granada, Spain.
J Am Geriatr Soc. 2017 Mar;65(3):642-647. doi: 10.1111/jgs.14697. Epub 2016 Dec 26.
The control of bacterial dental plaque through daily oral hygiene is essential to prevent oral diseases such as caries or periodontal disease, especially in at-risk populations, including the elderly with mild cognitive impairment and dementia. The aim of this study was to determine the association between different levels of cognitive impairment and dementia in an elderly population and their capacity to maintain adequate oral hygiene. A case-control study (elderly with versus without mild cognitive impairment or dementia) was performed in Granada, Spain. Outcome variables were tooth/prosthesis-brushing frequency/day, bacterial plaque index, and gingival bleeding index. Statistical models were adjusted by age, sex, educational level, and tobacco and alcohol habits. The study included 240 cases and 324 controls. The final model, adjusted by age, sex, educational level, and tobacco and alcohol consumption, showed a significant association between degree of cognitive impairment and daily oral hygiene, accumulation of bacterial plaque, and gingival bleeding. In summary, deficient daily oral hygiene, evidenced by greater bacterial dental plaque accumulation and gingival inflammation, is independently associated with cognitive impairment, even at its earliest stage.
通过日常口腔卫生控制牙菌斑对于预防龋齿或牙周病等口腔疾病至关重要，尤其是在包括患有轻度认知障碍和痴呆症的老年人在内的高危人群中。本研究的目的是确定老年人群中不同程度的认知障碍和痴呆症与其保持适当口腔卫生能力之间的关联。在西班牙格拉纳达进行了一项病例对照研究（患有与未患有轻度认知障碍或痴呆症的老年人）。结果变量为每天刷牙/清洁假牙的频率、牙菌斑指数和牙龈出血指数。统计模型根据年龄、性别、教育水平以及吸烟和饮酒习惯进行了调整。该研究纳入了240例病例和324例对照。经年龄、性别、教育水平以及烟草和酒精消费调整后的最终模型显示，认知障碍程度与日常口腔卫生、牙菌斑积聚和牙龈出血之间存在显著关联。总之，牙菌斑积聚增多和牙龈炎症所证明的日常口腔卫生不足与认知障碍独立相关，即使在其早期阶段也是如此。
