VIB Inflammation Research Center, 9052 Ghent, Belgium.
Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium.
Nat Rev Immunol. 2017 Feb;17(2):112-129. doi: 10.1038/nri.2016.134. Epub 2016 Dec 28.
Immune responses are regulated by effector cytokines and chemokines that signal through cell surface receptors. Mammalian decoy receptors - which are typically soluble or inactive versions of cell surface receptors or soluble protein modules termed binding proteins - modulate and antagonize signalling by canonical effector-receptor complexes. Viruses have developed a diverse array of molecular decoys to evade host immune responses; these include viral homologues of host cytokines, chemokines and chemokine receptors; variants of host receptors with new functions; and novel decoy receptors that do not have host counterparts. Over the past decade, the number of known mammalian and viral decoy receptors has increased considerably, yet a comprehensive curation of the corresponding structure-mechanism relationships has not been carried out. In this Review, we provide a comprehensive resource on this topic with a view to better understanding the roles and evolutionary relationships of mammalian and viral decoy receptors, and the opportunities for leveraging their therapeutic potential.
免疫反应受效应细胞因子和趋化因子调节，这些因子通过细胞表面受体传递信号。哺乳动物诱饵受体——通常是细胞表面受体或可溶性蛋白模块（称为结合蛋白）的可溶性或无活性版本——调节和拮抗经典效应器-受体复合物的信号转导。病毒已经开发出多种分子诱饵来逃避宿主免疫反应；这些包括宿主细胞因子、趋化因子和趋化因子受体的病毒同源物；具有新功能的宿主受体变体；以及没有宿主对应物的新型诱饵受体。在过去的十年中，已知的哺乳动物和病毒诱饵受体的数量大大增加，但尚未对相应的结构-机制关系进行全面整理。在这篇综述中，我们提供了关于这个主题的全面资源，以期更好地理解哺乳动物和病毒诱饵受体的作用和进化关系，以及利用它们的治疗潜力的机会。
