Tian Ye, Maruyama Takehiko, Ginzburg Jonathan
Laboratoire de linguistique formelle, UMR 7110, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.
Faculty of Letters, Senshu University, Kanagawa, Japan.
J Psycholinguist Res. 2017 Aug;46(4):905-922. doi: 10.1007/s10936-016-9468-5.
There is an ongoing debate whether phenomena of disfluency (such as filled pauses) are produced communicatively. Clark and Fox Tree (Cognition 84(1):73-111, 2002) propose that filled pauses are words, and that different forms signal different lengths of delay. This paper evaluates this Filler-As-Words hypothesis by analyzing the distribution of self-addressed-questions or SAQs (such as "what's the word") in relation to filled pauses. We found that SAQs address different problems in different languages (most frequently about memory-retrieval in English and Chinese, and about appropriateness in Japanese). In relation to filled pauses, British but not American English uses "um" to signal a more severe problem than "uh". Chinese uses different filled pauses to signal the syntactic category of the problem constituent. Japanese uses different filled pauses to signal levels of interaction with the interlocuter. Overall, our data supports the Filler-As-Words hypothesis that filled pauses are used communicatively. However, the dimensions of its meanings vary across languages and dialects.
关于言语不流畅现象（如停顿填充词）是否具有交际性，目前仍存在争议。克拉克和福克斯·特里（《认知》第84卷第1期：73 - 111页，2002年）提出，停顿填充词是单词，不同形式表示不同长度的延迟。本文通过分析自我提问（SAQs，如“那个词是什么”）与停顿填充词的分布关系，对“填充词即单词”这一假设进行评估。我们发现，自我提问在不同语言中涉及不同问题（在英语和中文中最常涉及记忆检索，在日语中最常涉及恰当性）。关于停顿填充词，英式英语而非美式英语使用“um”来表示比“uh”更严重的问题。中文使用不同的停顿填充词来表示问题成分的句法类别。日语使用不同的停顿填充词来表示与对话者互动的程度。总体而言，我们的数据支持“填充词即单词”这一假设，即停顿填充词具有交际性。然而，其意义维度在不同语言和方言中有所不同。
