Barrera Roberto, Acevedo Veronica, Felix Gilberto E, Hemme Ryan R, Vazquez Jesus, Munoz Jorge L, Amador Manuel
Entomology and Ecology Activity, Dengue Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, San Juan, Puerto Rico (
Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Dengue Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, San Juan, Puerto Rico (
J Med Entomol. 2017 Mar 1;54(2):387-395. doi: 10.1093/jme/tjw187.
Puerto Rico detected the first confirmed case of chikungunya virus (CHIKV) in May 2014 and the virus rapidly spread throughout the island. The invasion of CHIKV allowed us to observe Aedes aegypti (L.) densities, infection rates, and impact of vector control in urban areas using CDC autocidal gravid ovitraps (AGO traps) for mosquito control over several years. Because local mosquitoes can only get the virus from infectious residents, detecting the presence of virus in mosquitoes functions as a proxy for the presence of virus in people. We monitored the incidence of CHIKV in gravid females of Ae. aegypti in four neighborhoods-two with three AGO traps per home in most homes and two nearby neighborhoods without AGO mosquito control traps. Monitoring of mosquito density took place weekly using sentinel AGO traps from June to December 2014. In all, 1,334 pools of female Ae. aegypti (23,329 individuals) were processed by real-time reverse transcription PCR to identify CHIKV and DENV RNA. Density of Ae. aegypti females was 10.5 times lower (91%) in the two areas with AGO control traps during the study. Ten times (90.9%) more CHIKV-positive pools were identified in the nonintervention areas (50/55 pools) than in intervention areas (5/55). We found a significant linear relationship between the number of positive pools and both density of Ae. aegypti and vector index (average number of expected infected mosquitoes per trap per week). Temporal and spatial patterns of positive CHIKV pools suggested limited virus circulation in areas with AGO traps.
2014年5月，波多黎各检测到首例基孔肯雅病毒（CHIKV）确诊病例，该病毒随后迅速在全岛传播。CHIKV的入侵使我们能够在数年时间里，利用美国疾病控制与预防中心的自灭式孕蚊诱捕器（AGO诱捕器）来控制蚊子，从而观察埃及伊蚊的密度、感染率以及病媒控制在城市地区的影响。由于当地蚊子只能从感染病毒的居民身上获取病毒，因此检测蚊子体内病毒的存在情况可作为人群中病毒存在情况的替代指标。我们监测了埃及伊蚊孕蚊中CHIKV的发病率，在四个社区进行监测——其中两个社区大多数家庭每户设置三个AGO诱捕器，另外两个相邻社区未设置AGO灭蚊诱捕器。2014年6月至12月，使用哨兵AGO诱捕器每周监测蚊子密度。总共对1334组埃及伊蚊雌蚊（23329只个体）进行了实时逆转录聚合酶链反应检测，以鉴定CHIKV和登革病毒（DENV）RNA。在研究期间，设置AGO控制诱捕器的两个区域中埃及伊蚊雌蚊的密度低10.5倍（91%）。在非干预区域（50/55组）鉴定出的CHIKV阳性样本比干预区域（5/55）多10倍（90.9%）。我们发现阳性样本数量与埃及伊蚊密度和病媒指数（每个诱捕器每周预期感染蚊子的平均数量）之间存在显著的线性关系。CHIKV阳性样本的时间和空间模式表明，在设置AGO诱捕器的区域病毒传播有限。
