Shadman Zhaleh, Akhoundan Mahdieh, Poorsoltan Nooshin, Larijani Bagher, Qorbani Mostafa, Hedayati Mehdi, Khoshniat Nikoo Mohsen
Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Science Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Dept. of Community Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran; Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Iran J Public Health. 2016 Nov;45(11):1491-1501.
Role of dietary modifications on the treatment and management of diabetes and complications was shown by many researchers. This study was designed to examine the association of major dietary patterns with diabetes-related cardio-metabolic risk factors in Iranian diabetes.
Totally, 525 type 2 diabetic subjects with mean age 55 ± 10 yr were included in this cross-sectional study in 2014 that followed for at least two years by the Diabetes and Metabolic disease Clinic of Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Blood samples were collected after 12 h fasting for glycemic and lipid profiles. Information on the general characteristics, anthropometric, blood pressure measurements and physical activity level was collected. Dietary data were obtained by a validated food frequency questionnaire. Dietary patterns were obtained factor analysis (principal component analysis).
Three major dietary patterns retained through principal component analysis: Western like (high in sweets, fast foods, carbonated drinks, red meat, mayonnaise, nuts, refined grains, potato and visceral meat), Asian like (high in vegetables, low-fat dairy, fish, poultry and egg), and Traditional like (high in high fat dairy, oils, whole grains, vegetables and fruits). Western like dietary pattern was positively associated with fasting serum glucose (=0.05), total cholesterol (=0.005) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (=0.008). After extensive adjustment for potential confounders, the association of serum total cholesterol and Western like dietary pattern remained significant (=0.03).
Modifications in dietary pattern, especially in those who have a Western dietary pattern, may be effective in preventing or delaying diabetes-associated cardio metabolic complications.
许多研究人员已表明饮食调整在糖尿病治疗及管理和并发症方面的作用。本研究旨在探讨伊朗糖尿病患者主要饮食模式与糖尿病相关心血管代谢危险因素之间的关联。
2014年，本横断面研究共纳入525名平均年龄为55±10岁的2型糖尿病患者，由伊朗德黑兰医科大学糖尿病与代谢疾病诊所对其进行至少两年的随访。禁食12小时后采集血样以检测血糖和血脂水平。收集有关一般特征、人体测量、血压测量及身体活动水平的信息。通过一份经过验证的食物频率问卷获取饮食数据。通过因子分析（主成分分析）得出饮食模式。
通过主成分分析保留了三种主要饮食模式：西式（富含甜食、快餐、碳酸饮料、红肉、蛋黄酱、坚果、精制谷物、土豆和内脏肉）、亚洲式（富含蔬菜、低脂乳制品、鱼类、家禽和蛋类）和传统式（富含高脂肪乳制品、油类、全谷物、蔬菜和水果）。西式饮食模式与空腹血糖（=0.05）、总胆固醇（=0.005）和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（=0.008）呈正相关。在对潜在混杂因素进行广泛调整后，血清总胆固醇与西式饮食模式之间的关联仍然显著（=0.03）。
饮食模式的调整，尤其是对于那些具有西式饮食模式的人，可能对预防或延缓糖尿病相关的心血管代谢并发症有效。
