Verhoeven Hannah, Simons Dorien, Van Cauwenberg Jelle, Van Dyck Delfien, Vandelanotte Corneel, de Geus Bas, De Bourdeaudhuij Ilse, Clarys Peter, Deforche Benedicte
Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
Physical Activity, Nutrition and Health Research Unit, Faculty of Physical Education and Physical Therapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.
PLoS One. 2016 Dec 29;11(12):e0168594. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0168594. eCollection 2016.
Active transport has great potential to increase physical activity in older adolescents (17-18 years). Therefore, a theory- and evidence-based intervention was developed aiming to promote active transport among older adolescents. The intervention aimed to influence psychosocial factors of active transport since this is the first step in order to achieve a change in behaviour. The present study aimed to examine the effect of the intervention on the following psychosocial factors: intention to use active transport after obtaining a driving licence, perceived benefits, perceived barriers, subjective norm, self-efficacy, habit and awareness towards active transport.
A matched control three-arm study was conducted and consisted of a pre-test post-test design with intervention and control schools in Flanders (northern part of Belgium). A lesson promoting active transport was implemented as the last lesson in the course 'Driving Licence at School' in intervention schools (intervention group 1). Individuals in intervention group 2 received this active transport lesson and, in addition, they were asked to become a member of a Facebook group on active transport. Individuals in the control group only attended the regular course 'Driving Licence at School'. Participants completed a questionnaire assessing socio-demographics and psychosocial variables at baseline, post (after one week) and follow-up (after eight weeks). To assess intervention effects, multilevel linear mixed models analyses were performed.
A sample of 441 older adolescents (56.8% female; 17.4 (0.7) years) was analysed. For awareness regarding the existence of car sharing schemes, a significant increase in awareness from baseline to post measurement was found within intervention group 1 (p = 0.001) and intervention group 2 (p = 0.030) compared to the control group in which no change was found. In addition, a significant increase in awareness from baseline to follow-up measurement was found within intervention group 1 (p = 0.043) compared to a decrease in awareness from baseline to follow-up measurement within the control group.
Overall, the intervention was not effective to increase psychosocial correlates of active transport. Future intervention studies should search for alternative strategies to motivate and involve this hard to reach target group.
主动出行对于增加大龄青少年（17 - 18岁）的身体活动具有巨大潜力。因此，我们开展了一项基于理论和证据的干预措施，旨在促进大龄青少年的主动出行。该干预措施旨在影响主动出行的心理社会因素，因为这是实现行为改变的第一步。本研究旨在考察该干预措施对以下心理社会因素的影响：获得驾照后使用主动出行方式的意向、感知到的益处、感知到的障碍、主观规范、自我效能感、习惯以及对主动出行的认知。
我们进行了一项匹配对照的三臂研究，采用前测后测设计，涉及比利时北部弗拉芒地区的干预学校和对照学校。在干预学校（干预组1），将一节促进主动出行的课程作为“学校驾照课程”的最后一节课来实施。干预组2的个体接受了这节主动出行课程，此外，他们还被要求加入一个关于主动出行的脸书群组。对照组的个体仅参加常规的“学校驾照课程”。参与者在基线、课后（一周后）和随访（八周后）完成了一份评估社会人口统计学和心理社会变量的问卷。为了评估干预效果，我们进行了多水平线性混合模型分析。
对441名大龄青少年（56.8%为女性；年龄17.4（0.7）岁）的样本进行了分析。对于汽车共享计划存在的认知，与未发现变化的对照组相比，干预组1（p = 0.001）和干预组2（p = 0.030）从基线到课后测量的认知有显著增加。此外，与对照组从基线到随访测量认知下降相比，干预组1从基线到随访测量的认知有显著增加（p = 0.043）。
总体而言，该干预措施在增加主动出行的心理社会相关因素方面并不有效。未来的干预研究应寻找替代策略来激励和吸引这个难以触及的目标群体。
