Gyawali Narayan, Bradbury Richard S, Taylor-Robinson Andrew W
Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, Australia.
J Vector Borne Dis. 2016 Oct-Dec;53(4):293-304.
Dengue is the most important mosquito-borne viral infection of humans. Although outbreaks of disease which are now recognized as clinically consistent with dengue have been reported for centuries, it was not until half a century ago that laboratory identification of dengue viruses as the etiological agent of febrile illness was achieved. This debilitating and sometimes fatal disease is widely distributed in >125 countries in tropical and subtropical zones of the world. Asia, South America and the Pacific Islands are hyper-epidemic regions while currently there is less prevalence in Europe, North America and Australia. The estimated global incidence ranges between 200 and 400 million clinical cases per year. While some areas of past epidemics are now considered to be under control, recent decades have witnessed an epidemic rise in dengue worldwide. Major factors facilitating expansion include climate change and increase in urbanization and international travel. Concurrently, the non-availability of an efficacious antiviral drug or vaccine and a lack of effective vector control strategies collectively make dengue a serious public health concern. Thus, it is of paramount importance to analyze the history of the spread of infection and to gain a deeper understanding of patterns of transmission in order to anticipate epidemiological trends more accurately, thereby enabling better preparedness for future outbreaks.
登革热是人类最重要的蚊媒病毒感染性疾病。尽管几个世纪以来就有报告称出现了现在被认为临床上与登革热相符的疾病暴发，但直到半个世纪前才通过实验室鉴定出登革热病毒是发热性疾病的病原体。这种使人虚弱甚至有时致命的疾病广泛分布于世界热带和亚热带地区的125多个国家。亚洲、南美洲和太平洋岛屿是高流行区，而目前在欧洲、北美和澳大利亚的发病率较低。据估计，全球每年临床病例发病率在2亿至4亿之间。虽然过去一些流行地区现在被认为已得到控制，但近几十年来，登革热在全球范围内呈流行上升趋势。促进其传播的主要因素包括气候变化、城市化进程加快和国际旅行增加。与此同时，缺乏有效的抗病毒药物或疫苗以及有效的病媒控制策略，共同使登革热成为一个严重的公共卫生问题。因此，分析感染传播的历史并更深入地了解传播模式至关重要，以便更准确地预测流行病学趋势，从而为未来的疫情暴发做好更好的准备。
