Department of Sports Medicine and Sports Nutrition, Ruhr-University Bochum, Gesundheitscampus Nord Haus 10, 44801, Bochum, Germany.
Sports Med. 2017 Jun;47(6):1183-1207. doi: 10.1007/s40279-016-0645-3.
Back pain is a frequent health problem in the general population. The epidemiology of back pain in the general population is well researched, but detailed data on the prevalence and risk factors of back pain in athletes are rare.
The primary objective was to review articles about back pain in athletes to provide an overview of its prevalence in different sports and compare its prevalence among various types of sports and the general population.
A comprehensive search of articles published through May 2015 was conducted. Two independent reviewers searched six databases from inception (PubMed, Embase, MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, PsycINFO and PSYNDEX), using specifically developed search strategies, for relevant epidemiological research on back pain in 14- to 40-year-old athletes of Olympic disciplines. The reviewers independently evaluated the methodological quality of reviewed articles meeting the inclusion criteria to identify potential sources of bias. Relevant data were extracted from each study.
Forty-three articles were judged to meet the inclusion criteria and were included in the assessment of methodological quality. Of these, 25 were assessed to be of high quality. Lifetime prevalence and point prevalence were the most commonly researched episodes and the lower back was the most common localization of pain. In the high-quality studies, lifetime prevalence of low back pain in athletes was 1-94%, (highest prevalence in rowing and cross-country skiing), and point prevalence of low back pain was 18-65% (lowest prevalence in basketball and highest prevalence in rowing).
The methodological heterogeneity of the included studies showed a wide range of prevalence rates and did not enable a detailed comparison of data among different sports, within one discipline, or versus the general population. Based on the results of this review, however, it seems obvious that back pain requires further study in some sports.
背痛是一种常见的人群健康问题。一般人群中背痛的流行病学研究已经很完善，但运动员背痛的患病率和危险因素的详细数据却很少。
本文旨在回顾有关运动员背痛的文献，概述不同运动项目中背痛的患病率，并比较不同运动项目与一般人群背痛患病率的差异。
对截至 2015 年 5 月发表的文献进行了全面检索。两名独立的审查员使用专门制定的搜索策略，从六个数据库（PubMed、Embase、MEDLINE、Cochrane 图书馆、PsycINFO 和 PSYNDEX）中搜索了 14 至 40 岁的奥林匹克运动项目的运动员的背痛流行病学研究，这些研究涉及不同类型的运动项目和一般人群。审查员独立评估符合纳入标准的文献的方法学质量，以确定潜在的偏倚来源。从每篇研究中提取相关数据。
有 43 篇文章被认为符合纳入标准，并纳入了方法学质量评估。其中，25 篇被评为高质量研究。终身患病率和现患率是最常见的研究结果，下腰痛是最常见的疼痛部位。在高质量研究中，运动员的终身腰痛患病率为 1%至 94%（划船和越野滑雪患病率最高），现患腰痛率为 18%至 65%（篮球患病率最低，划船患病率最高）。
纳入研究的方法学异质性显示出患病率的广泛差异，无法在不同运动项目之间、同一运动项目内或与一般人群进行详细数据比较。然而，根据本次综述的结果，背痛似乎需要在某些运动项目中进一步研究。
