Gilmore Rick O, Adolph Karen E, Millman David S, Gordon Andrew
The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA.
New York University, New York, NY.
Adv Eng Educ. 2016 Spring;5(2).
Open data sharing promises to accelerate the pace of discovery in the developmental and learning sciences, but significant technical, policy, and cultural barriers have limited its adoption. As a result, most research on learning and development remains shrouded in a culture of isolation. Data sharing is the rare exception (Gilmore, 2016). Many researchers who study teaching and learning in classroom, laboratory, museum, and home contexts use video as a primary source of raw research data. Unlike other measures, video captures the complexity, richness, and diversity of behavior. Moreover, because video is self-documenting, it presents significant potential for reuse. However, the potential for reuse goes largely unrealized because videos are rarely shared. Research videos contain information about participants' identities making the materials challenging to share. The large size of video files, diversity of formats, and incompatible software tools pose technical challenges. The Databrary (databrary.org) digital library enables researchers who study learning and development to store, share, stream, and annotate videos. In this article, we describe how Databrary has overcome barriers to sharing research videos and associated data and metadata. Databrary has developed solutions for respecting participants' privacy; for storing, streaming, and sharing videos; and for managing videos and associated metadata. The Databrary experience suggests ways that videos and other identifiable data collected in the context of educational research might be shared. Open data sharing enabled by Databrary can serve as a catalyst for a truly multidisciplinary science of learning.
开放数据共享有望加快发展科学和学习科学领域的发现速度，但重大的技术、政策和文化障碍限制了其应用。因此，大多数关于学习与发展的研究仍处于一种孤立的文化氛围中。数据共享是罕见的例外情况（吉尔摩，2016）。许多在课堂、实验室、博物馆和家庭环境中研究教学与学习的研究人员将视频作为原始研究数据的主要来源。与其他测量方式不同，视频能够捕捉行为的复杂性、丰富性和多样性。此外，由于视频具有自我记录功能，它具有很大的重复利用潜力。然而，由于视频很少被共享，这种重复利用的潜力在很大程度上未得到实现。研究视频包含有关参与者身份的信息，这使得这些材料难以共享。视频文件的大尺寸、格式的多样性以及不兼容的软件工具带来了技术挑战。Databrary（databrary.org）数字图书馆使研究学习与发展的研究人员能够存储、共享、流式传输和注释视频。在本文中，我们描述了Databrary如何克服共享研究视频及相关数据和元数据的障碍。Databrary开发了尊重参与者隐私的解决方案；用于存储、流式传输和共享视频的解决方案；以及用于管理视频和相关元数据的解决方案。Databrary的经验表明了在教育研究背景下收集的视频和其他可识别数据的共享方式。由Databrary实现的开放数据共享可以成为真正多学科学习科学的催化剂。
