Instituto de Acuicultura Torre de la Sal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 12595 Ribera de Cabanes (Castellón), Spain.
Instituto de Recerca i Tecnologies Agroalimentaries, Centre de Sant Carles de la Ràpita, Crta. Poble Nou, Km 5.5, 43540 Sant Carles de la Ràpita (Tarragona), Spain.
Sci Rep. 2017 Jan 3;7:39745. doi: 10.1038/srep39745.
Globally, the Manila clam (Ruditapes philippinarum) stands as the second most important bivalve species in fisheries and aquaculture. Native to the Pacific coast of Asia, it is now well-established in North America and Europe, where its on-going management reflects local economic interests. The historic record of transfers spans the 20 century and suggests sequential movement from Japan to North America, as a hitch-hiker on oysters, and then intentional introduction in Europe, but global genetic data are missing. We have studied mitochondrial DNA and microsatellite markers in nine populations from Asia, North America and Europe. The results from the two types of markers indicated a good concordance of present-day genetic structure with the reported history of clam transfers across continents, and no evidence of relevant concealed introductions from continental Asia in Europe and North America. However, European populations showed a loss of genetic variability and significant genetic differentiation as compared to their American counterparts. Our study shows that in spite of the increasing ease for species to spread out of their native range, in the case of the Manila clam this has not resulted in new invasion waves in the two studied continents.
在全球范围内，菲律宾蛤仔（Ruditapes philippinarum）是渔业和水产养殖中第二重要的双壳贝类物种。它原产于亚洲太平洋沿岸，现已在北美和欧洲广泛分布，这些地区对其进行的管理反映了当地的经济利益。历史记录显示，该物种在 20 世纪经历了多次转移，先是作为牡蛎的搭便车者从日本转移到北美，然后又被有意引入欧洲，但全球遗传数据仍存在缺失。我们对亚洲、北美和欧洲的 9 个种群进行了线粒体 DNA 和微卫星标记研究。这两种标记的结果表明，当前的遗传结构与蛤仔在各大洲的转移历史报告高度一致，并没有证据表明欧洲和北美的大陆亚洲有相关的隐蔽性引入。然而，与美洲种群相比，欧洲种群的遗传变异性明显减少，遗传分化显著。我们的研究表明，尽管物种越来越容易扩散到其原生范围之外，但在菲律宾蛤仔的情况下，这种情况并没有在这两个研究大陆上导致新的入侵浪潮。
