Engineering Research Center of Shellfish Culture and Breeding in Liaoning Province, No.52, Hei Shi jiao Street, Dalian City, 116023, China.
College of Marine Science and Environment, Dalian Ocean University, No.52, Hei Shi jiao Street, Dalian City, 116023, China.
Sci Rep. 2020 Dec 14;10(1):21890. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-78923-w.
The Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum is the world's second most important bivalve mollusk commercially farmed, whose indigenous populations are mainly distributed in the coastal areas of East Asia. However, with the development of commercialization, mixture of populations and loss of local germplasm have become prominent problems. Here, genetic differentiation of seven Manila clam populations from East Asia was investigated through analyzing the polymorphism of the mitochondrial cytochrome C oxidase subunit I (COI) gene as well as 20 simple sequence repeat (SSR) molecular loci. In total, 40 haplotypes were identified, among which 31 were unique. Moreover, two main haplotypes were detected with several radiating derived haplotypes. Populations in Japan-North Korea shared haplotype Hap_31, and populations in China shared haplotype Hap_7, suggesting that the natural geographical isolation of the Yangtze River and the Yalu River might have divided the East Asian indigenous populations into three groups, which were located in South China, North China, and Japan-North Korea, respectively. The Aquaculture breeding activities from South to North in China might have promoted gene exchange among Manila clam populations. Population in Laizhou had the highest genetic diversity and therefore could be an excellent germplasm source.
菲律宾蛤仔（Ruditapes philippinarum）是世界上商业化养殖的第二大重要双壳贝类，其本地种群主要分布在东亚沿海地区。然而，随着商业化的发展，种群混合和本地种质资源的丧失已成为突出问题。本研究通过分析线粒体细胞色素 C 氧化酶亚基 I（COI）基因以及 20 个简单重复序列（SSR）分子标记的多态性，研究了东亚 7 个菲律宾蛤仔种群的遗传分化。共鉴定出 40 种单倍型，其中 31 种为特有单倍型。此外，还检测到两个主要单倍型和几个辐射衍生的单倍型。日本-朝鲜种群共享单倍型 Hap_31，而中国种群共享单倍型 Hap_7，表明长江和鸭绿江的自然地理隔离可能将东亚本地种群分为三个群体，分别位于中国南方、北方和日本-朝鲜。中国从南到北的水产养殖活动可能促进了菲律宾蛤仔种群之间的基因交流。莱州种群具有最高的遗传多样性，因此可以成为优良的种质资源来源。
