Leopold Liliya, Leopold Thomas, Lechner Clemens M
University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
GESIS - Leibniz Institute for the Social Sciences, Mannheim, Germany.
Demography. 2017 Feb;54(1):231-257. doi: 10.1007/s13524-016-0539-x.
This study asks whether immigrants suffer more from unemployment than German natives. Differences between these groups in pre-unemployment characteristics, the type of the transition into unemployment, and the consequences of this transition suggest that factors intensifying the negative impact of unemployment on subjective well-being are more concentrated in immigrants than in natives. Based on longitudinal data from the German Socio-Economic Panel Study (1990-2014; N = 34,767 persons aged 20 to 64; N = 210,930 person-years), we used fixed-effects models to trace within-person change in subjective well-being across the transition from employment into unemployment and over several years of continued unemployment. Results showed that immigrants' average declines in subjective well-being exceeded those of natives. Further analyses revealed gender interactions. Among women, declines were smaller and similar among immigrants and natives. Among men, declines were larger and differed between immigrants and natives. Immigrant men showed the largest declines, amounting to one standard deviation of within-person change over time in subjective well-being. Normative, social, and economic factors did not explain these disproportionate declines. We discuss alternative explanations for why immigrant men are most vulnerable to the adverse effects of unemployment in Germany.
本研究探讨了移民是否比德国本土居民更容易遭受失业之苦。这些群体在失业前特征、失业过渡类型以及这种过渡的后果方面存在差异，这表明加剧失业对主观幸福感负面影响的因素在移民中比在本土居民中更为集中。基于德国社会经济面板研究（1990 - 2014年；N = 34767名年龄在20至64岁之间的人；N = 210930人年）的纵向数据，我们使用固定效应模型来追踪从就业到失业以及持续数年失业期间个人主观幸福感的变化。结果表明，移民主观幸福感的平均下降幅度超过了本土居民。进一步分析揭示了性别差异。在女性中，移民和本土居民的幸福感下降幅度较小且相似。在男性中，下降幅度较大，且移民和本土居民之间存在差异。移民男性的幸福感下降幅度最大，相当于个人主观幸福感随时间变化的一个标准差。规范、社会和经济因素无法解释这些不成比例的下降。我们讨论了为何在德国移民男性最容易受到失业不利影响的其他解释。
