First T, Skovránek J, Tůma S, Marek J, Hucín B, Fiser B
Cesk Pediatr. 1989 Sep;44(9):525-8.
Based on experience with the examination of 33 children with total anomalous pulmonary venous return (TAPVD), the authors submit on account of basic echocardiographic (ECHO) findings and the examination procedure in TAPVD. The findings of two-dimensional ECHO reveal a typical enlargement of the right atrium and ventricle; in the four-chamber projection the pulmonary veins do not enter the left atrium but they join behind the left atrium. The site of the orifice of TAPVD in supracardial TAPVDS is found from a suprasternal approach, in intracardial TAPVD in the four-chamber projection, in infradiaphragmatic TAPVD from a subcostal approach. Doppler echocardiography reveals an impaired venous flow in the confluent on the pulmonary veins and in structures into which the pulmonary veins lead. ECHO makes it possible to assess the diagnosis of TAPVD by a non-invasive approach, to find the site of the orifice and indicate operation without the use of invasive examination methods.
基于对33例完全性肺静脉异位引流（TAPVD）患儿的检查经验，作者根据基本超声心动图（ECHO）检查结果及TAPVD的检查程序进行阐述。二维ECHO检查结果显示右心房和右心室典型增大；在四腔心切面中，肺静脉不进入左心房，而是在左心房后方汇合。心上型TAPVDS中TAPVD的开口位置可通过胸骨上窝切面探查，心内型TAPVD可在四腔心切面中观察，心下型TAPVD可通过肋下切面观察。多普勒超声心动图显示肺静脉汇合处及肺静脉引流结构中的静脉血流受损。ECHO使得通过非侵入性方法评估TAPVD的诊断成为可能，找到开口位置并指导手术，而无需使用侵入性检查方法。
