Sánchez Antonio, Prats-van der Ham Miranda, Tatay-Dualde Juan, Paterna Ana, de la Fe Christian, Gómez-Martín Ángel, Corrales Juan C, Contreras Antonio
Research Group of Ruminant Health, Animal Health Department, Veterinary School, Regional Campus of International Excellence 'Campus Mare Nostrum', Murcia University, Spain.
PLoS One. 2017 Jan 4;12(1):e0169534. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0169534. eCollection 2017.
Veterinary students face diverse potential sources of zoonotic pathogens since the first years of their academic degree. Such sources include different animal species and pathologic materials which are used at university facilities as well as commercial clinics, farms and other external facilities.
The present study utilizes a systematic review of the literature to identify zoonoses described in veterinary students.
Web of Science and PubMed.
Of the 1,254 titles produced by the bibliographic search, 62 were included in this review. Whereas 28 of these articles (45.2%) described individual cases or outbreaks, the remaining 34 (54.8%) reported serological results. The zoonotic etiological agents described were bacteria, in 39 studies (62.9%), parasites, in 12 works (19.4%), virus, in 9 studies (14.5%) and fungi, in 2 (3.2%) of the selected articles. The selected literature included references from 24 different countries and covered the time period of the last 55 years.
The fact that common cases of disease or cases of little clinical importance without collective repercussions are not usually published in peer-reviewed journals limits the possibility to reach conclusions from a quantitative point of view. Furthermore, most of the selected works (66.1%) refer to European or North American countries, and thus, the number of cases due to pathogens which could appear more frequently in non-occidental countries might be underestimated.
CONCLUSIONS/IMPLICATIONS: The results of the present systematic review highlight the need of including training in zoonotic diseases since the first years of Veterinary Science degrees, especially focusing on biosecurity measures (hygienic measures and the utilization of the personal protective equipment), as a way of protecting students, and on monitoring programs, so as to adequately advise affected students or students suspicious of enduring zoonoses.
自攻读兽医学位的第一年起，兽医专业学生就面临多种潜在的人畜共患病原体来源。这些来源包括大学设施以及商业诊所、农场和其他外部设施中使用的不同动物种类和病理材料。
本研究通过对文献进行系统综述，以确定兽医专业学生中描述的人畜共患病。
科学网和PubMed。
在文献检索产生的1254篇标题中，本综述纳入了62篇。其中28篇文章（45.2%）描述了个别病例或疫情，其余34篇（54.8%）报告了血清学结果。在所选文章中，描述的人畜共患病原体包括细菌（39项研究，62.9%）、寄生虫（12项研究，19.4%）、病毒（9项研究，14.5%）和真菌（2项研究，3.2%）。所选文献包括来自24个不同国家的参考文献，涵盖了过去55年的时间段。
通常情况下，疾病的常见病例或临床重要性不大且无集体影响的病例通常不会在同行评审期刊上发表，这限制了从定量角度得出结论的可能性。此外，大多数所选研究（66.1%）涉及欧洲或北美国家，因此，可能低估了在非西方国家更频繁出现的病原体导致的病例数量。
结论/启示：本系统综述的结果强调，自兽医学位课程的第一年起就需要纳入人畜共患病培训，特别是侧重于生物安全措施（卫生措施和个人防护设备的使用），以保护学生，并侧重于监测计划，以便为受影响的学生或怀疑感染人畜共患病的学生提供充分的建议。
