Jahanian E, Mahdavi A H, Asgary S, Jahanian R
Department of Animal Sciences, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran.
Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl). 2017 Oct;101(5):e43-e54. doi: 10.1111/jpn.12556. Epub 2017 Jan 4.
This study was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary supplementation of silymarin on performance, jejunal morphology and ileal bacterial population in broiler chicks intoxicated with a mix of aflatoxins. A total of three hundred thirty six 7-day-old Ross broiler chicks were randomly distributed between seven experimental groups with four replicates of 12 birds each. Experimental treatments consisted of a control group (unchallenged), and a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement, including two aflatoxin levels (0.5 and 2 ppm) and three levels of silymarin (0, 500 and 1000 ppm). Birds were challenged with a mix of aflatoxins from 7 to 28 days of age. Results showed that increasing aflatoxin level resulted in decreased average daily feed intake (ADFI) and weight gain (ADWG), consequently impaired feed conversion ratio (FCR) throughout the trial period. Dietary supplementation of silymarin resulted in the marked increases in ADFI and ADWG, and improved FCR values in aflatoxin-challenged chicks. Ileal bacterial populations at days 28 and 42 of age were increased by incremental levels of aflatoxins. On the other hand, dietary silymarin supplementation suppressed ileal populations of Escherichia coli, Salmonella, Klebsiella and total negative bacteria in aflatoxicated birds. Increase in dietary aflatoxin level resulted in the decreased villi height, villi height-to-crypt depth ratio (VH:CD), villi surface area and apparent villi absorptive area, while it increased crypt depth, goblet cell count and lymphoid follicular diameter. Feeding silymarin at the level of 1000 ppm increased villi height and VH:CD in aflatoxicated birds. Present results indicate that dietary inclusion of silymarin could improve performance by suppressing ileal bacteria and enhancing absorptive surface area in aflatoxin-challenged broiler chicks.
本研究旨在探讨日粮添加水飞蓟宾对黄曲霉毒素混合物中毒的肉鸡生长性能、空肠形态及回肠细菌菌群的影响。总共336只7日龄罗斯肉鸡随机分配到7个实验组，每组4个重复，每个重复12只鸡。实验处理包括一个对照组（未受挑战），以及一个2×3析因设计，包括两个黄曲霉毒素水平（0.5和2 ppm）和三个水飞蓟宾水平（0、500和1000 ppm）。从7日龄至28日龄，鸡只接受黄曲霉毒素混合物攻毒。结果表明，在整个试验期内，黄曲霉毒素水平升高导致平均日采食量（ADFI）和体重增加（ADWG）下降，进而损害饲料转化率（FCR）。日粮添加水飞蓟宾可显著提高黄曲霉毒素攻毒鸡的ADFI和ADWG，并改善FCR值。随着黄曲霉毒素水平的增加，28日龄和42日龄时回肠细菌菌群数量增加。另一方面，日粮添加水飞蓟宾可抑制黄曲霉毒素中毒鸡回肠中的大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌、克雷伯氏菌和总阴性菌数量。日粮黄曲霉毒素水平升高导致绒毛高度、绒毛高度与隐窝深度比值（VH:CD）降低，绒毛表面积和表观绒毛吸收面积减小，而隐窝深度、杯状细胞数量和淋巴滤泡直径增加。在中毒鸡中，添加1000 ppm水平的水飞蓟宾可增加绒毛高度和VH:CD。目前的结果表明，日粮添加水飞蓟宾可通过抑制回肠细菌和增加黄曲霉毒素攻毒肉鸡的吸收表面积来改善生长性能。
