Scholl Jacqueline, Kolling Nils, Nelissen Natalie, Stagg Charlotte J, Harmer Catherine J, Rushworth Matthew Fs
Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
Oxford Centre for Human Brain Activity, Department of Psychiatry, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom.
Elife. 2017 Jan 5;6:e20365. doi: 10.7554/eLife.20365.
Dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) mediates updating and maintenance of cognitive models of the world used to drive adaptive reward-guided behavior. We investigated the neurochemical underpinnings of this process. We used magnetic resonance spectroscopy in humans, to measure levels of glutamate and GABA in dACC. We examined their relationship to neural signals in dACC, measured with fMRI, and cognitive task performance. Both inhibitory and excitatory neurotransmitters in dACC were predictive of the strength of neural signals in dACC and behavioral adaptation. Glutamate levels were correlated, first, with stronger neural activity representing information to be learnt about the tasks' costs and benefits and, second, greater use of this information in the guidance of behavior. GABA levels were negatively correlated with the same neural signals and the same indices of behavioral influence. Our results suggest that glutamate and GABA in dACC affect the encoding and use of past experiences to guide behavior.
背侧前扣带皮层（dACC）介导用于驱动适应性奖励导向行为的世界认知模型的更新和维持。我们研究了这一过程的神经化学基础。我们在人类中使用磁共振波谱来测量dACC中谷氨酸和GABA的水平。我们检查了它们与通过功能磁共振成像（fMRI）测量的dACC中的神经信号以及认知任务表现之间的关系。dACC中的抑制性和兴奋性神经递质都能预测dACC中的神经信号强度和行为适应性。谷氨酸水平首先与代表要学习的任务成本和收益信息的更强神经活动相关，其次与在行为指导中对该信息的更多使用相关。GABA水平与相同的神经信号以及行为影响的相同指标呈负相关。我们的结果表明，dACC中的谷氨酸和GABA会影响过去经验的编码和利用，以指导行为。
