Davison Kirsten K, Werder Jessica L, Lawson Catherine T
Department of Health Policy, Management and Behavior, University at Albany, SUNY, One University Place, Rm 183, Rensselaer, NY 12144, USA.
Prev Chronic Dis. 2008 Jul;5(3):A100. Epub 2008 Jun 15.
Driven largely by international declines in rates of walking and bicycling to school and the noted health benefits of physical activity for children, research on children's active commuting to school has expanded rapidly during the past 5 years. We summarize research on predictors and health consequences of active commuting to school and outline and evaluate programs specific to children's walking and bicycling to school.
Literature on children's active commuting to school published before June 2007 was compiled by searching PubMed, PsycINFO, and the National Transportation Library databases; conducting Internet searches on program-based activities; and reviewing relevant transportation journals published during the last 4 years.
Children who walk or bicycle to school have higher daily levels of physical activity and better cardiovascular fitness than do children who do not actively commute to school. A wide range of predictors of children's active commuting behaviors was identified, including demographic factors, individual and family factors, school factors (including the immediate area surrounding schools), and social and physical environmental factors. Safe Routes to School and the Walking School Bus are 2 public health efforts that promote walking and bicycling to school. Although evaluations of these programs are limited, evidence exists that these activities are viewed positively by key stakeholders and have positive effects on children's active commuting to school.
Future efforts to promote walking and bicycling to school will be facilitated by building on current research, combining the strengths of scientific rigor with the predesign and postdesign provided by intervention activities, and disseminating results broadly and rapidly.
在很大程度上受到国际上步行和骑自行车上学比率下降以及体育活动对儿童健康益处显著的推动，过去5年中，关于儿童积极步行或骑车上学的研究迅速扩展。我们总结了关于儿童积极步行或骑车上学的预测因素及健康影响的研究，并概述和评估了专门针对儿童步行和骑车上学的项目。
通过检索PubMed、PsycINFO和国家交通图书馆数据库，对2007年6月之前发表的关于儿童积极步行或骑车上学的文献进行汇编；对基于项目的活动进行互联网搜索；并查阅过去4年期间出版的相关交通期刊。
与不积极步行或骑车上学的儿童相比，步行或骑车上学的儿童每日身体活动水平更高，心血管健康状况更好。已确定了一系列儿童积极步行或骑车上学行为的预测因素，包括人口统计学因素、个人和家庭因素、学校因素（包括学校周边地区）以及社会和自然环境因素。“安全上学路”和“步行校车”是两项促进步行和骑车上学的公共卫生举措。尽管对这些项目的评估有限，但有证据表明这些活动受到关键利益相关者的积极评价，并对儿童积极步行或骑车上学产生积极影响。
未来促进步行和骑车上学的努力将通过以下方式得到推动：以当前研究为基础，将科学严谨性与干预活动提供的设计前和设计后优势相结合，并广泛、迅速地传播研究结果。
