Tadesse Solomon Asmamaw, Wubneh Zewdu Birhanu
Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.
BMC Complement Altern Med. 2017 Jan 5;17(1):21. doi: 10.1186/s12906-016-1538-6.
In Ethiopia, the leaves of Syzygium guineense have been found useful for the prevention and cure of malaria, and demonstrated antiplasmodial activity in vitro. Nevertheless, no scientific study has been conducted to confirm its antimalarial activity in vivo. Therefore, the objective of the study was to evaluate the antimalarial effect of Syzygium guineense leaf extract in mice.
Inoculation of the study mice was carried out by using the malaria parasite, Plasmodium berghei. The plant extract was prepared at 200, 400 and 600 mg/kg. Chloroquine and distilled water was administered to the positive and negative control groups respectively. Parameters like parasitaemia, survival time and body weight were determined following standard tests (4-day suppressive, Rane's and repository tests).
Syzygium guineense crude leaf extract displayed considerable (p < 0.05) parasite suppression at doses of 600 and 400 mg/kg in a 4-day suppressive test with chemosuppressive value of 59.39 and 49.09% respectively. S. guineense crude leaf extract also showed dose-dependent schizontocidal activity in both the repository and curative tests. The extract also prevented body weight loss and prolonged survival date of mice significantly (P < 0.05) at the highest dose employed in the study. Qualitative chemical assay for S. guineense methanolic leaf extract revealed that the plant is endowed with different plant secondary metabolites exemplified by terpenoids, alkaloids, triterpenes, flavonoids, anthraquinones, tannins, glycosides, saponins and phenols.
Syzygium guineense leaf extract possess antimalarial activity in mice. The test substance was found to be safe with no observable signs of toxicity in the study mice. The results of the present work confirmed the in vitro antiplasmodial finding and traditional claims in vivo in mice. Therefore, Syzygium guineense could be regarded as a potential source to develop safe, effective and affordable antimalarial agent.
在埃塞俄比亚，人们发现几内亚蒲桃的叶子对疟疾的预防和治疗有用，并且在体外显示出抗疟原虫活性。然而，尚未进行科学研究来证实其在体内的抗疟活性。因此，本研究的目的是评估几内亚蒲桃叶提取物对小鼠的抗疟效果。
通过使用疟原虫伯氏疟原虫对研究小鼠进行接种。将植物提取物制备成200、400和600毫克/千克的浓度。分别给阳性和阴性对照组施用氯喹和蒸馏水。按照标准试验（4天抑制试验、拉内试验和储存试验）测定诸如疟原虫血症、存活时间和体重等参数。
在4天抑制试验中，几内亚蒲桃粗叶提取物在600和400毫克/千克剂量下表现出显著的（p < 0.05）寄生虫抑制作用，化学抑制值分别为59.39%和49.09%。几内亚蒲桃粗叶提取物在储存试验和治疗试验中也显示出剂量依赖性的裂殖体杀灭活性。在本研究中使用的最高剂量下，该提取物还显著地（P < 0.05）防止了小鼠体重减轻并延长了其存活时间。对几内亚蒲桃甲醇叶提取物的定性化学分析表明，该植物含有不同的植物次生代谢产物，例如萜类、生物碱、三萜、黄酮类、蒽醌类、单宁、糖苷、皂苷和酚类。
几内亚蒲桃叶提取物在小鼠中具有抗疟活性。在研究小鼠中发现受试物质是安全的，没有可观察到的毒性迹象。本研究结果证实了体外抗疟原虫的发现以及在小鼠体内的传统说法。因此，几内亚蒲桃可被视为开发安全、有效且经济实惠的抗疟药物的潜在来源。
