Sološenko Andrius, Petrėnas Andrius, Marozas Vaidotas, Sörnmo Leif
Biomedical Engineering Institute, Kaunas University of Technology, Kaunas, Lithuania.
Biomedical Engineering Institute, Kaunas University of Technology, Kaunas, Lithuania.
Comput Biol Med. 2017 Feb 1;81:130-138. doi: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2016.12.016. Epub 2016 Dec 28.
A phenomenological model for simulating the photoplethysmogram (PPG) during atrial fibrillation (AF) is proposed. The simulated PPG is solely based on RR interval information, and, therefore, any annotated ECG database can be used to model sinus rhythm, AF, or rhythms with premature beats. A PPG pulse is modeled by a linear combination of a log-normal and two Gaussian waveforms. The model PPG is obtained by placing individual pulses according to the RR intervals so that a connected signal is created. The model is evaluated on synchronously recorded ECG and PPG signals from the MIMIC and the University of Queensland Vital Signs Dataset databases. The results show that the model PPG signals closely resemble real signal for sinus rhythm, premature beats, as well as for AF. The model is used to study the performance of a low-complexity RR interval-based AF detector on simulated PPG signals with five different pulse types generated using the MIT-BIH AF database at signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) from 0 to 30dB. PPGs composed of pulses with a dicrotic notch tend to increase the rate of false alarms, especially at lower SNRs. The model is capable of generating simulated PPG signals from RR interval series with sinus rhythm, AF, and premature beats. Considering the lack of annotated, public PPG databases with arrhythmias, the simulation of realistic PPG signals based on annotated ECG signals is expected to facilitate the development and testing of PPG-specific AF detectors.
提出了一种用于模拟心房颤动（AF）期间光电容积脉搏波（PPG）的现象学模型。模拟的PPG仅基于RR间期信息，因此，任何带注释的心电图数据库都可用于模拟窦性心律、房颤或有早搏的心律。PPG脉冲由对数正态波形和两个高斯波形的线性组合建模。通过根据RR间期放置单个脉冲来获得模型PPG，从而创建一个连续信号。该模型在来自MIMIC和昆士兰大学生命体征数据集数据库的同步记录的心电图和PPG信号上进行评估。结果表明，模型PPG信号与窦性心律、早搏以及房颤的真实信号非常相似。该模型用于研究基于低复杂度RR间期的房颤检测器在使用麻省理工学院-贝斯以色列女执事医疗中心房颤数据库生成的五种不同脉冲类型、信噪比（SNR）从0到30dB的模拟PPG信号上的性能。由具有重搏切迹的脉冲组成的PPG往往会增加误报率，尤其是在较低的SNR时。该模型能够从具有窦性心律、房颤和早搏的RR间期序列生成模拟PPG信号。考虑到缺乏带注释的、包含心律失常的公共PPG数据库，基于带注释的心电图信号模拟逼真的PPG信号有望促进PPG特异性房颤检测器的开发和测试。
