Hsu Kuo-Shun, Chuang Jen-Zen, Sung Ching-Hwa
The Margaret M. Dyson Vision Research Institute, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York 10065.
Departments of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York 10065.
Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol. 2017 Apr 3;9(4):a027904. doi: 10.1101/cshperspect.a027904.
The cilium is an evolutionally conserved apical membrane protrusion that senses and transduces diverse signals to regulate a wide range of cellular activities. The cilium is dynamic in length, structure, and protein composition. Dysregulation of ciliary dynamics has been linked with ciliopathies and other human diseases. The cilium undergoes cell-cycle-dependent assembly and disassembly, with ciliary resorption linked with G-S transition and cell-fate choice. In the resting cell, the cilium remains sensitive to environmental cues for remodeling during tissue homeostasis and repair. Recent findings further reveal an interplay between the cilium and extracellular vesicles and identify bioactive cilium-derived vesicles, posing a previously unrecognized role of cilia for sending signals. The photoreceptor outer segment is a notable dynamic cilium. A recently discovered protein transport mechanism in photoreceptors maintains light-regulated homeostasis of ciliary length.
纤毛是一种进化上保守的顶端膜突出物，它感知并转导各种信号以调节广泛的细胞活动。纤毛在长度、结构和蛋白质组成方面具有动态性。纤毛动力学的失调与纤毛病和其他人类疾病有关。纤毛经历细胞周期依赖性的组装和拆卸，纤毛的吸收与G-S转换和细胞命运选择相关。在静止细胞中，纤毛在组织稳态和修复过程中对环境线索保持敏感以进行重塑。最近的研究结果进一步揭示了纤毛与细胞外囊泡之间的相互作用，并鉴定出具有生物活性的纤毛衍生囊泡，这表明纤毛在信号传递方面具有以前未被认识到的作用。光感受器外段是一种显著的动态纤毛。最近在光感受器中发现的一种蛋白质运输机制维持了纤毛长度的光调节稳态。
