Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL.
Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL.
Photochem Photobiol. 2017 Jul;93(4):956-974. doi: 10.1111/php.12711. Epub 2017 Mar 14.
Ultraviolet (UV) exposure has an array of damaging effects and is the main cause of skin cancer in humans. Nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC), including basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma, is the most common type of cancer. Incidence of NMSC has increased due to greater UV radiation, increased life expectancy and other changes in lifestyle; the annual cost of skin cancer treatment in the United States has increased concurrently to around eight billion dollars. Because of these trends, novel approaches to skin cancer prevention have become an important area of research to decrease skin cancer morbidity and defray the costs associated with treatment. Chemoprevention aims to prevent or delay the development of skin cancer through the use of phytochemicals. Use of phytochemicals as chemopreventive agents has gained attention due to their low toxicity and anticarcinogenic properties. Phytochemicals also exhibit antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antiproliferative effects which support their use as chemopreventive agents, particularly for skin cancer. Preclinical and human studies have shown that phytochemicals decrease UV-induced skin damage and photocarcinogenesis. In this review article, we discuss the selected phytochemicals that may prevent or delay UV-induced carcinogenesis and highlight their potential use for skin protection.
紫外线（UV）暴露具有多种破坏性影响，是人类皮肤癌的主要原因。非黑色素瘤皮肤癌（NMSC），包括基底细胞癌和鳞状细胞癌，是最常见的癌症类型。由于紫外线辐射增加、预期寿命延长和生活方式的其他变化，NMSC 的发病率有所增加；美国皮肤癌治疗的年成本也随之增加到约 80 亿美元。由于这些趋势，预防皮肤癌的新方法已成为减少皮肤癌发病率和减轻与治疗相关费用的重要研究领域。化学预防旨在通过使用植物化学物质来预防或延迟皮肤癌的发展。由于植物化学物质的低毒性和抗癌特性，它们作为化学预防剂的使用引起了关注。植物化学物质还具有抗氧化、抗炎和抗增殖作用，这支持它们作为化学预防剂的使用，特别是对皮肤癌。临床前和人体研究表明，植物化学物质可减少紫外线引起的皮肤损伤和光致癌作用。在这篇综述文章中，我们讨论了可能预防或延迟紫外线诱导的致癌作用的选定植物化学物质，并强调了它们在皮肤保护方面的潜在用途。
