a Program on Forced Migration and Health, Mailman School of Public Health , Columbia University , New York , NY , USA.
b Department of Epidemiology , Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University , New York , NY , USA.
Psychol Health Med. 2017 Mar;22(sup1):58-66. doi: 10.1080/13548506.2016.1271949. Epub 2017 Jan 9.
Little is known about the patterns and mechanisms by which humanitarian emergencies may exacerbate violence against children. In this article, we propose using the ecological framework to examine the impact of humanitarian emergencies on interpersonal violence against children. We consider the literature that supports this framework and suggest future directions for research to fill identified gaps in the framework. The relationship between humanitarian emergencies and violence against children depends on risk factors at multiple levels, including a breakdown of child protection systems, displacement, threats to livelihoods, changing gender roles, changing household composition, overcrowded living conditions, early marriage, exposure to conflict or other emergency events, and alcohol abuse. The empirical evidence supporting the proposed emergency/violence framework is limited by cross-sectional study designs and a propensity to predominantly examine individual-level determinants of violence, especially exposure to conflict or emergency events. Thus, there is a pressing need to contextualize the relationship between conflict or emergency events and violence against children within the wider ecological and household dynamics that occur during humanitarian emergencies. Ultimately, this will require longitudinal observations of children, families and communities from before the emergency through recovery and improvements to ongoing global surveillance systems. More complete data will enable the humanitarian community to design effective, appropriate and well-targeted interventions.
人们对于人道主义紧急情况可能加剧针对儿童暴力的模式和机制知之甚少。在本文中，我们建议使用生态框架来考察人道主义紧急情况对人际间针对儿童暴力的影响。我们审议了支持这一框架的文献，并为研究工作提出了一些建议，以填补该框架中的空白。人道主义紧急情况与针对儿童暴力之间的关系取决于多个层面的风险因素，包括儿童保护系统的崩溃、流离失所、生计受到威胁、性别角色的变化、家庭结构的改变、居住拥挤、早婚、接触冲突或其他紧急事件以及酗酒。支持拟议的紧急情况/暴力框架的经验证据受到横断面研究设计的限制，而且往往侧重于暴力的个人层面决定因素，尤其是接触冲突或紧急事件。因此，迫切需要在人道主义紧急情况期间发生的更广泛的生态和家庭动态范围内来阐述冲突或紧急事件与针对儿童暴力之间的关系。最终，这将需要对儿童、家庭和社区进行从紧急情况发生前到恢复阶段的纵向观察，并改进正在进行的全球监测系统。更完整的数据将使人道主义界能够设计有效、适当和目标明确的干预措施。
