Chola Lumbwe, Mutyambizi Chipo, Sewpaul Ronel, Parker Whadi-Ah, Mchiza Zandile, Labadarios Demetre, Hongoro Charles
Population Health, Health Systems and Innovation, Human Sciences Research Council, HSRC Building, 134 Pretorius Street, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa.
School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2017 Jan 10;17(1):20. doi: 10.1186/s12884-016-1218-z.
Diabetes is a serious and growing public health concern in South Africa, but its prevalence and distribution in pregnant women is not well known. Women diagnosed with diabetes during pregnancy have a substantially greater risk of adverse health outcomes for both mother and child. This study aims to determine the prevalence and social determinants of diabetes during pregnancy in South Africa.
Data used in this study were from the 2012 South African National Nutrition and Health Examination Survey; a nationally representative cross-sectional household survey. The analysis was restricted to girls and women between the ages of 15 to 49 years who self-reported ever being pregnant (n = 4261) Logistic regression models were constructed to analyse the relationship between diabetes during pregnancy and several indicators including race, family history of diabetes, household income, area of residence and obesity.
The prevalence of diabetes during pregnancy in South Africa was 3% (144 women) of all women who reported ever being pregnant. The majority of the women who had ever had diabetes were African (70%), 51% were unemployed and 76% lived in rural areas. Factors strongly associated with diabetes during pregnancy were age (1.04 [Odds Ratio], 0.01 [Standard Error]), family history of diabetes (3.04; 0.8) and race (1.91; 0.53).
The analysis will contribute to an understanding of the prevalence of diabetes during pregnancy and its social determinants. This will help in the development of effective interventions targeted at improving maternal and child health for mothers at high risk.
糖尿病是南非一个严重且日益受到关注的公共卫生问题，但其在孕妇中的患病率和分布情况尚不为人所知。孕期被诊断出患有糖尿病的女性，母婴出现不良健康结局的风险显著更高。本研究旨在确定南非孕期糖尿病的患病率及其社会决定因素。
本研究使用的数据来自2012年南非全国营养与健康检查调查，这是一项具有全国代表性的横断面家庭调查。分析仅限于15至49岁自我报告曾怀孕的女性（n = 4261）。构建逻辑回归模型以分析孕期糖尿病与种族、糖尿病家族史、家庭收入、居住地区和肥胖等多个指标之间的关系。
在所有报告曾怀孕的女性中，南非孕期糖尿病的患病率为3%（144名女性）。大多数曾患糖尿病的女性为非洲人（70%），51%失业，76%生活在农村地区。与孕期糖尿病密切相关的因素包括年龄（1.04[比值比]，0.01[标准误]）、糖尿病家族史（3.04；0.8）和种族（1.91；0.53）。
该分析将有助于了解孕期糖尿病的患病率及其社会决定因素。这将有助于制定有效的干预措施，以改善高危母亲的母婴健康。
