Konopka Joanna K, Haye Tim, Gariepy Tara, Mason Peter, Gillespie David, McNeil Jeremy N
Department of Biology Western University London ON Canada; London Research and Development Centre Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada London ON Canada; CABI-Europe Switzerland Delémont Switzerland.
CABI-Europe Switzerland Delémont Switzerland.
Ecol Evol. 2016 Dec 20;7(1):277-284. doi: 10.1002/ece3.2577. eCollection 2017 Jan.
The introduction of an exotic species may alter food webs within the ecosystem and significantly affect the biodiversity of indigenous species at different trophic levels. It has been postulated that recent introduction of the brown marmorated stinkbug ( (Stål)) represents an evolutionary trap for native parasitoids, as they accept egg masses as a host but produce no viable progeny. Interspecific interactions between European egg parasitoid, (Mayr), and an Asian parasitoid, (Ashmead), were assessed by providing egg masses to at various time intervals following the initial parasitization by . The suitability of the host for the parasitoid development was re-assessed by providing with fresh and frozen egg masses of various ages. The likelihood of being able to attack previously parasitized egg masses was determined by assessing the duration of egg mass guarding behavior by following parasitization. The results of experiments examining the interspecific interactions between a native European egg parasitoid, , and an Asian parasitoid, (a candidate for the biological control of ), showed that the native species can act as facultative hyperparasitoid of the exotic one. Although this is only possible during certain stages of development, the presence of the introduced parasitoid may reduce the impact of the evolutionary trap for indigenous parasitoid species. There is a possibility that the occurrence of facultative hyperparasitism between scelionid parasitoids associated with stinkbugs is common. This resulting intraguild predation could promote conservation and stabilization of natural communities by impacting the diversity and population dynamics of native stinkbugs and their parasitoids (e.g., by allowing native parasitoids to avoid wasting reproductive effort on unsuitable hosts), or reduce success of biological control programs (e.g., by reducing the population size of the exotic parasitoids).
外来物种的引入可能会改变生态系统内的食物网，并显著影响不同营养级本土物种的生物多样性。据推测，最近引入的褐边绿刺蛾（Stål）对本地寄生蜂来说是一个进化陷阱，因为它们将卵块视为宿主，但却无法产生可存活的后代。通过在欧洲卵寄生蜂（Mayr）初次寄生后的不同时间间隔向其提供卵块，评估了欧洲卵寄生蜂与一种亚洲寄生蜂（Ashmead）之间的种间相互作用。通过向其提供不同年龄的新鲜和冷冻卵块，重新评估了宿主对寄生蜂发育的适宜性。通过评估寄生后欧洲卵寄生蜂对卵块的守护行为持续时间，确定了其攻击先前已被寄生的卵块的可能性。研究欧洲本土卵寄生蜂与亚洲寄生蜂（一种用于生物防治的候选物种）之间种间相互作用的实验结果表明，本土物种可以作为外来物种的兼性重寄生蜂。虽然这仅在亚洲寄生蜂发育的某些阶段才有可能，但引入的寄生蜂的存在可能会减少进化陷阱对本土寄生蜂物种的影响。蝽类相关的缘腹细蜂科寄生蜂之间兼性重寄生现象的发生有可能很常见。这种由此产生的集团内捕食可能会通过影响本土蝽类及其寄生蜂的多样性和种群动态（例如，通过使本土寄生蜂避免在不合适的宿主上浪费繁殖精力）来促进自然群落的保护和稳定，或者降低生物防治计划的成功率（例如，通过减少外来寄生蜂的种群规模）。
