Zapponi Livia, Bon Marie Claude, Fouani Jalal Melhem, Anfora Gianfranco, Schmidt Silvia, Falagiarda Martina
Research and Innovation Center, Fondazione Edmund Mach, 38010 San Michele all'Adige, TN, Italy.
USDA-ARS European Biological Control Laboratory, 810 Avenue du Campus Agropolis, 34980 Montferrier le Lez, France.
Insects. 2020 Sep 1;11(9):588. doi: 10.3390/insects11090588.
(Stål) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) is an invasive alien species and a key agricultural pest. Its native parasitoids ( Ashmead and Ashmead) have been registered in several countries where brought dramatic economic losses and where biological control is considered to be the most effective long-term solution. By searching for stink bug egg masses and exposing sentinel egg masses, we monitored the distribution of native and exotic egg parasitoids in Trentino-Alto Adige (Italy), an area where both the host and parasitoids are in expansion. We recorded ten pentatomids, seven parasitoid species, with the first report of in this area and a hyperparasitoid. In the assemblage, (Geoffroy) and were the dominant parasitoids, with a different distribution in terms of context and host plants. Sycamore was the host plant where the highest number of naturally laid parasitized egg masses (26%) were recorded. showed the highest parasitism rate, and was often found in apple orchards. The emergence of exotic parasitoids showed a temporal delay compared to native ones. Sequence analysis of 823 bp of the mitochondrial gene revealed that the recovered and harbored one single haplotype each. These haplotypes were previously found in 2018 in Northern Italy. While sentinel egg masses proved to be very effective in tracking the arrival of exotic species, the collection of stink bug egg masses provided fundamental data on the plant host species. The results lend strong support to the adaptation of exotic species to the environmental conditions of the range of introduction, providing new information on plant host-associations, fundamental for the development of biological control programs.
斯塔尔蝽（半翅目：蝽科）是一种外来入侵物种，也是一种主要的农业害虫。其本土寄生蜂（阿什米德和阿什米德）已在多个国家被记录，这些寄生蜂造成了巨大的经济损失，而生物防治被认为是最有效的长期解决方案。通过搜索椿象卵块并放置哨兵卵块，我们监测了意大利特伦蒂诺-上阿迪杰地区本土和外来卵寄生蜂的分布情况，该地区寄主和寄生蜂都在扩散。我们记录了10种蝽类、7种寄生蜂物种，首次在该地区报告了[物种名称未给出]以及一种重寄生蜂。在这个组合中，[物种名称未给出]（杰弗里）和[物种名称未给出]是优势寄生蜂，在环境和寄主植物方面分布不同。悬铃木是记录到自然产下的被寄生卵块数量最多（26%）的寄主植物。[物种名称未给出]显示出最高的寄生率，并且经常在苹果园中被发现。外来寄生蜂的出现与本土寄生蜂相比有时间延迟。对线粒体基因823 bp的序列分析表明，回收的[物种名称未给出]和[物种名称未给出]各自只含有一个单倍型。这些单倍型此前于2018年在意大利北部被发现。虽然哨兵卵块在追踪外来[物种名称未给出]物种的到来方面被证明非常有效，但椿象卵块的收集提供了关于植物寄主物种的基础数据。这些结果有力地支持了外来[物种名称未给出]物种对引入区域环境条件的适应性，为植物寄主关联提供了新信息，这对生物防治项目的开展至关重要。
