Havet Nathalie, Penot Alexis, Morelle Magali, Perrier Lionel, Charbotel Barbara, Fervers Béatrice
Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, ISFA, Laboratoire SAF, Université de Lyon, 50 Avenue Tony Garnier, 69007, Lyon, France.
ENS Lyon, GATE-UMR 5824-CNRS, Université de Lyon, 15 parvis René Descartes, BP 7000, 69347, Lyon Cedex 7, France.
Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 2017 Feb;90(2):227-241. doi: 10.1007/s00420-016-1191-x. Epub 2017 Jan 10.
To explore varied exposure to carcinogenic, mutagenic, and reprotoxic chemicals (CMR) for French employees.
Our study assessed data from the French national cross-sectional survey of occupational risks (SUMER) that was conducted in 2010 in a national representative sample of employees. We selected 28 CMR agents that were classified by the International Agency for Research on Cancer or European Union as being known or presumed to have CMR potential in humans. The association of individual and job characteristics with exposure prevalence, duration, and intensity of the CMR agents during a 1-week period was examined using multilevel logistic regression analysis.
Overall, 10.4% of employees in 2010 were exposed to one or more CMR agents at their workplace, and 3.4% were subjected to multiple CMR exposures. Blue-collar workers, night-shift workers and workers with short-term employment contracts experienced higher exposure prevalence (p < 0.01) and intensity (p < 0.05). Blue-collar workers and shift workers experienced also longer exposure duration (p < 0.001). Conversely, managers, workers of large companies, and women were less exposed to CMR agents (p < 0.001). The presence of a Committee for Health, Safety, and Working Conditions, and intervention by Occupational Health and Safety officers were significantly associated with reduced exposure intensities (p < 0.001 and p < 0.05). Establishment of European CMR regulations and the existence of an applicable substitution principle reduced the exposure duration (p < 0.001) and intensity (p < 0.05).
Our results point out disparities in CMR exposure and identify high-priority targets for prevention measures to help reducing social health discrepancies.
探究法国员工接触致癌、致突变和生殖毒性化学物质（CMR）的不同情况。
我们的研究评估了2010年法国全国职业风险横断面调查（SUMER）的数据，该调查选取了具有全国代表性的员工样本。我们选择了28种被国际癌症研究机构或欧盟归类为已知或假定对人类具有CMR潜在影响的化学物质。使用多水平逻辑回归分析研究个体和工作特征与1周内CMR物质接触患病率、接触持续时间和接触强度之间的关联。
总体而言，2010年10.4%的员工在工作场所接触到一种或多种CMR物质，3.4%的员工遭受多种CMR物质接触。蓝领工人、夜班工人和签订短期雇佣合同的工人接触患病率（p<0.01）和接触强度（p<0.05）更高。蓝领工人和轮班工人的接触持续时间也更长（p<0.001）。相反，管理人员、大公司员工和女性接触CMR物质的情况较少（p<0.001）。健康、安全和工作条件委员会的存在以及职业健康与安全官员的干预与接触强度降低显著相关（p<0.001和p<0.05）。欧洲CMR法规的制定和适用替代原则的存在减少了接触持续时间（p<0.001）和接触强度（p<0.05）。
我们的结果指出了CMR接触方面的差异，并确定了预防措施的高度优先目标，以帮助减少社会健康差异。
