Nogales Carlos Goes, Ferreira Marina Beloti, Montemor Antonio Fernando, Rodrigues Maria Filomena de Andrade, Lage-Marques José Luiz, Antoniazzi João Humberto
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Odontologia, Departamento de Endodontia, São Paulo, SP, Brasil.
- Instituto de Pesquisas Tecnológicas do Estado de São Paulo - IBL Núcleo de Bionanomanufatura, São Paulo, SP, Brasil.
J Appl Oral Sci. 2016 Nov-Dec;24(6):607-613. doi: 10.1590/1678-775720160029.
This study evaluated the antimicrobial efficacy of ozone therapy in teeth contaminated with Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterococcus faecalis, and Staphylococcus aureus using a mono-species biofilm model. Parallel to this, the study aimed to evaluate the cytotoxicity of ozone for human gingival fibroblasts. Material and Methods: One hundred and eighty single-root teeth were contaminated with a mono-species biofilm of Enterococcus faecalis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus. Groups were formed: Group I - control; Group II - standard protocol; Group III - standard protocol + ozone gas at 40 µg/mL; and Group IV - standard protocol + aqueous ozone at 8 µg/mL. In parallel, human gingival fibroblasts were submitted to the MTT test. Cells were plated, then ozone was applied as follows: Group I (control) - broth medium; Group II - aqueous ozone at 2 µg/mL; Group III - aqueous ozone at 5 µg/mL; and Group IV - aqueous ozone at 8 µg/mL. Data were submitted to the Kruskal Wallis test and Bonferroni post hoc analyses to assess microbiology and cytotoxicity, respectively (p<0.05%).
The results revealed antimicrobial efficacy by Group IV with no CFU count. The cytotoxicity assay showed Groups III and IV to be the most aggressive, providing a decrease in cell viability at hour 0 from 100% to 77.3% and 68.6%, respectively. Such a decrease in cell viability was reverted, and after 72 hours Groups III and IV provided the greatest increase in cell viability, being statistically different from Groups I and II.
According to the applied methodology and the limitations of this study, it was possible to conclude that ozone therapy improved the decontamination of the root canal ex vivo. Ozone was toxic to the cells on first contact, but cell viability was recovered. Thus, these findings suggest that ozone might be useful to improve root canal results.
本研究使用单菌种生物膜模型评估臭氧疗法对被铜绿假单胞菌、粪肠球菌和金黄色葡萄球菌污染牙齿的抗菌效果。与此同时，该研究旨在评估臭氧对人牙龈成纤维细胞的细胞毒性。材料与方法：180颗单根牙被粪肠球菌、铜绿假单胞菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的单菌种生物膜污染。分组如下：第一组——对照组；第二组——标准方案组；第三组——标准方案 + 40 μg/mL臭氧气体组；第四组——标准方案 + 8 μg/mL臭氧水溶液组。同时，人牙龈成纤维细胞进行MTT试验。细胞接种后，按如下方式施加臭氧：第一组（对照组）——肉汤培养基；第二组——2 μg/mL臭氧水溶液；第三组——5 μg/mL臭氧水溶液；第四组——8 μg/mL臭氧水溶液。数据分别进行Kruskal Wallis检验和Bonferroni事后分析以评估微生物学和细胞毒性（p<0.05%）。
结果显示第四组具有抗菌效果，无菌落形成单位计数。细胞毒性试验表明第三组和第四组最具侵袭性，在第0小时细胞活力分别从100%降至77.3%和68.6%。这种细胞活力的下降得到了逆转，72小时后第三组和第四组细胞活力增加最多，与第一组和第二组在统计学上有差异。
根据所应用的方法和本研究的局限性，可以得出结论，臭氧疗法在体外改善了根管的去污效果。臭氧在初次接触时对细胞有毒性，但细胞活力得以恢复。因此，这些发现表明臭氧可能有助于改善根管治疗效果。
