Greiser E, Joeckel K H, Giersiepen K, Maschewsky-Schneider U, Zachcial M
Bremen Institute for Prevention Research and Social Medicine, Federal Republic of Germany.
Int J Epidemiol. 1989;18(3 Suppl 1):S118-24.
Analyses of data from the first National Health Examination Survey undertaken from 1984-1986 within the framework of the German Cardiovascular Prevention Study, show the following risk factor prevalences in 25-69 year-old men and women: overweight (BMI males: greater than 25, females greater than 24) or obese (BMI greater than 30): men 65.0%, women 57.6%; total serum cholesterol (less than 5.17 mmol/dl): men 73.7%, women 74.0%; normal blood pressure (according to JNC definitions): men 45.0%, women 59.1%; hypertension according to WHO criteria: men 26.0%, women 21.1%; controlled hypertensives (WHO criteria): men 19.9%, women 33.9%; current smoking: men 40.8%, women 26.1%. For most of the cardiovascular risk factors there is a clear negative association between prevalence and length of school education. Three myocardial infarction (MI) registries (WHO MONICA Project) are operating in the Federal Republic of Germany. Incidence and case-fatality data are within comparable ranges. Coronary heart disease (CHD) mortality has been relatively stable in both sexes from 1970 to 1986 with a minor peak in 1976 and a slight downward trend since then. A study of the reliability of coding procedures in West German state statistical offices revealed major disagreements so that trends derived from national mortality data as aggregate data of the federal states might be spurious. An ecological correlation of regional smoking prevalences (1978) and regional CHD mortality rates (1977-9) showed significant coefficients in men, but not in women.
1984年至1986年在德国心血管病预防研究框架内进行的首次全国健康检查调查数据分析显示，25至69岁男性和女性的以下危险因素患病率如下：超重（男性BMI大于25，女性BMI大于24）或肥胖（BMI大于30）：男性65.0%，女性57.6%；总血清胆固醇（小于5.17 mmol/dl）：男性73.7%，女性74.0%；正常血压（根据美国国家联合委员会定义）：男性45.0%，女性59.1%；根据世界卫生组织标准的高血压：男性26.0%，女性21.1%；血压得到控制的高血压患者（世界卫生组织标准）：男性19.9%，女性33.9%；当前吸烟：男性40.8%，女性26.1%。对于大多数心血管危险因素，患病率与受教育年限之间存在明显的负相关。在德意志联邦共和国有三个心肌梗死（MI）登记处（世界卫生组织MONICA项目）在运作。发病率和病死率数据在可比范围内。1970年至1986年，冠心病（CHD）死亡率在两性中相对稳定，1976年有一个小高峰，此后略有下降趋势。一项对西德各州统计局编码程序可靠性的研究发现存在重大分歧，因此从作为联邦各州汇总数据的国家死亡率数据得出的趋势可能是虚假的。对1978年地区吸烟患病率与1977 - 1979年地区冠心病死亡率的生态相关性分析显示，男性中有显著系数，而女性中没有。
