Bailey Dondra, Basar Mohammed Abul, Nag Sanjay, Bondhu Nivedita, Teng Shaloei, Duttaroy Atanu
Biology Department, Howard University, 415 College Street, 20059, Washington, DC, NW, USA.
Present address: Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, 19104, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
BMC Dev Biol. 2017 Jan 11;17(1):1. doi: 10.1186/s12861-016-0143-8.
Thus far, a handful of genes have been shown to be related to the wing maturation process in insects. A novel heme peroxidase enzyme known as curly suppressor (Cysu)(formerly CG5873), have been characterized in this report because it is involved in wing morphogenesis. Using bioinformatics tools we found that Cysu is remarkably conserved in the genus Drosophila (>95%) as well as in invertebrates (>70%), although its vertebrate orthologs show poor homology. Time-lapse imaging and histochemical analyses have confirmed that the defective wing phenotype of Cysu is not a result of any underlying cellular alterations; instead, its wings fail to expand in mature adults.
The precise requirement of Cysu in wings was established by identifying a bona fide mutant of Cysu from the Bloomington Drosophila Stock Centre collection. Its requirement in the wing has also been shown by RNA knockdown of the gene. Subsequent transgenic rescue of the mutant wing phenotype with the wild-type gene confirmed the phenotype resulting from Cysu mutant. With appropriate GAL4 driver like engrailed-GAL4, the Cysu phenotype was compartmentalized, which raises a strong possibility that Cysu is not localized in the extracellular matrix (ECM); hence, Cysu is not engaged in bonding the dorsal and ventral cuticular layers. Finally, shortened lifespan of the Cysu mutant suggests it is functionally essential for other biological processes as well.
Cysu, a peroxinectin-like gene, is required during the wing maturation process in Drosophila because as a heme peroxidase, Cysu is capable of utilizing HO, which plays an essential role in post-eclosion wing morphogenesis.
到目前为止，已有少数基因被证明与昆虫翅膀成熟过程有关。本报告中鉴定了一种名为卷曲抑制因子（Cysu）（以前称为CG5873）的新型血红素过氧化物酶，因为它参与翅膀形态发生。使用生物信息学工具，我们发现Cysu在果蝇属中（>95%）以及在无脊椎动物中（>70%）具有显著的保守性，尽管其脊椎动物直系同源物显示出较差的同源性。延时成像和组织化学分析证实，Cysu的翅膀缺陷表型不是任何潜在细胞改变的结果；相反，其翅膀在成熟成虫中无法展开。
通过从布鲁明顿果蝇种质中心的收藏中鉴定出Cysu的一个真正突变体，确定了Cysu在翅膀中的精确需求。该基因的RNA敲低也表明了它在翅膀中的需求。随后用野生型基因对突变体翅膀表型进行转基因拯救，证实了Cysu突变体产生的表型。使用适当的GAL4驱动子如 engrailed-GAL4，Cysu表型被分隔开来，这极大地增加了Cysu不在细胞外基质（ECM）中定位的可能性；因此，Cysu不参与连接背侧和腹侧角质层。最后，Cysu突变体寿命缩短表明它对其他生物学过程在功能上也是必不可少的。
Cysu是一种类过氧连蛋白基因，在果蝇翅膀成熟过程中是必需的，因为作为一种血红素过氧化物酶，Cysu能够利用HO，而HO在羽化后翅膀形态发生中起重要作用。
