Barnett K L, Kornegay E T, Risley C R, Lindemann M D, Schurig G G
Virginia Polytechnic Institute, Blacksburg.
J Anim Sci. 1989 Oct;67(10):2698-708. doi: 10.2527/jas1989.67102698x.
Four trials were conducted to characterize the consumption of creep feed by nursing pigs and the effects of creep feeding (from 10 d to weaning at 28 d) on the immune response, scouring index and subsequent performance of weanling pigs. Pigs were fed a ground 20% CP corn-soybean meal-whey diet with 1.0% chromic oxide (control, 9 litters), this diet with 2.7% ovalbumin added as a dietary antigen (ovalbumin, 14 litters), or no creep feed (unexposed, 11 litters). At weaning, pigs within a litter were fed a 20% CP corn-soybean meal diet either with or without 2.7% ovalbumin. Creep-fed litters began eating at 11 d of age and disappearance of creep feed increased linearly until weaning (P less than .01). However, based on the chronic oxide coloring of the feces, total creep feed consumption was quite variable from pig to pig (13 to 194 g) and from litter to litter (107 to 1,550 g). Preweaning daily gain was similar between creep-fed and noncreep-fed litters; larger litters generally had lower daily gains (P less than .09) and less feed disappearance per pig (P less than .02). Weekly blood sampling showed that pigs fed the antigen diet had a higher (P less than .001) antibody titer to ovalbumin at 14, 21 and 28 d of age than did pigs fed the control diet or pigs unexposed to creep feed. At 56 and 63 d of age, all pigs given an ovalbumin injection at 49 d (1 ml containing 3 mg of ovalbumin) had responded (P less than .001) to injection, with the lowest titers for pigs fed the control creep diet and the highest titers for pigs fed the ovalbumin creep diet; titers were intermediate for pigs not fed creep. Regardless of preweaning or postweaning treatment, most pigs began scouring 4 to 5 d postweaning; scouring peaked at d 10 and returned to normal after d 15. Although the magnitude of difference was small, creep-fed pigs tended to scour more than pigs not fed creep (P less than .01). Postweaning performance was not influenced by preweaning treatments.
进行了四项试验，以描述哺乳仔猪对开食料的采食量，以及开食料饲喂（从10日龄至28日龄断奶）对断奶仔猪免疫反应、腹泻指数及后续生产性能的影响。给仔猪饲喂一种含20%粗蛋白的玉米 - 豆粕 - 乳清粉日粮，并添加1.0%的氧化铬（对照组，9窝），该日粮添加2.7%的卵清蛋白作为日粮抗原（卵清蛋白组，14窝），或不提供开食料（未接触组，11窝）。断奶时，一窝内的仔猪饲喂含或不含2.7%卵清蛋白的20%粗蛋白玉米 - 豆粕日粮。接受开食料饲喂的窝仔猪在11日龄开始采食，开食料的消耗量在断奶前呈线性增加（P<0.01）。然而，根据粪便中氧化铬的颜色判断，每头仔猪以及每窝仔猪的开食料总消耗量差异很大（13至194克）和（107至1550克）。接受开食料饲喂和未接受开食料饲喂的窝仔猪断奶前的日增重相似；较大窝的仔猪日增重通常较低（P<0.09），每头仔猪的饲料消耗量也较少（P<0.02）。每周采血结果显示，饲喂抗原日粮的仔猪在14、21和28日龄时对卵清蛋白的抗体滴度高于饲喂对照日粮的仔猪或未接触开食料的仔猪（P<0.001）。在56和63日龄时，所有在49日龄注射卵清蛋白（1毫升含3毫克卵清蛋白）的仔猪对注射均有反应（P<0.001），饲喂对照开食料日粮的仔猪抗体滴度最低，饲喂卵清蛋白开食料日粮的仔猪抗体滴度最高；未饲喂开食料的仔猪抗体滴度居中。无论断奶前或断奶后的处理如何，大多数仔猪在断奶后4至5天开始腹泻；腹泻在第10天达到高峰，15天后恢复正常。虽然差异幅度较小，但接受开食料饲喂的仔猪比未接受开食料饲喂的仔猪腹泻更频繁（P<0.01）。断奶后的生产性能不受断奶前处理的影响。
