Humanitas Clinical Research Center.
Humanitas University, 20089, Rozzano (Milano), Italy.
Microbiol Spectr. 2016 Dec;4(6). doi: 10.1128/microbiolspec.MCHD-0051-2016.
The innate immune system represents the first line of defense against pathogens and comprises both a cellular and a humoral arm. Fluid-phase pattern recognition molecules (PRMs), which include collectins, ficolins, and pentraxins, are key components of the humoral arm of innate immunity and are expressed by a variety of cells, including myeloid, epithelial, and endothelial cells, mainly in response to infectious and inflammatory conditions. Soluble PRMs share basic multifunctional properties including activation and regulation of the complement cascade, opsonization of pathogens and apoptotic cells, regulation of leukocyte extravasation, and fine-tuning of inflammation. Therefore, soluble PRMs are part of the immune response and retain antibody-like effector functions. Here, we will review the expression and general function of soluble PRMs, focusing our attention on the long pentraxin PTX3.
天然免疫系统是抵御病原体的第一道防线，包括细胞和体液两个部分。体液模式识别分子（PRMs），包括凝集素、纤维胶凝蛋白和五聚蛋白，是天然免疫系统体液部分的关键组成部分，由多种细胞表达，包括髓样细胞、上皮细胞和内皮细胞，主要在感染和炎症条件下表达。可溶性 PRMs 具有基本的多功能特性，包括补体级联的激活和调节、病原体和凋亡细胞的调理、白细胞渗出的调节以及炎症的微调。因此，可溶性 PRMs 是免疫反应的一部分，并保留抗体样效应功能。在这里，我们将回顾可溶性 PRMs 的表达和一般功能，重点关注长五聚蛋白 PTX3。
