IRCCS Istituto Clinico Humanitas, Rozzano, Milano, Italy.
Annu Rev Immunol. 2010;28:157-83. doi: 10.1146/annurev-immunol-030409-101305.
The innate immune system consists of a cellular and a humoral arm. Pentraxins (e.g., the short pentraxin C reactive protein and the long pentraxin PTX3) are key components of the humoral arm of innate immunity which also includes complement components, collectins, and ficolins. In response to microorganisms and tissue damage, neutrophils, macrophages, and dendritic cells are major sources of fluid-phase pattern-recognition molecules (PRMs) belonging to different molecular classes. Humoral PRMs in turn interact with and regulate cellular effectors. Effector mechanisms of the humoral innate immune system include activation and regulation of the complement cascade; agglutination and neutralization; facilitation of recognition via cellular receptors (opsonization); and regulation of inflammation. Thus, the humoral arm of innate immunity is an integrated system consisting of different molecules and sharing functional outputs with antibodies.
先天免疫系统由细胞和体液两部分组成。五聚素（例如短五聚素 C 反应蛋白和长五聚素 PTX3）是先天免疫体液部分的关键组成部分，该部分还包括补体成分、凝集素和纤维胶凝素。针对微生物和组织损伤，中性粒细胞、巨噬细胞和树突状细胞是属于不同分子类别液相结合型模式识别分子（PRM）的主要来源。体液 PRM 反过来又与细胞效应物相互作用并对其进行调节。体液先天免疫系统的效应机制包括补体级联的激活和调节；凝集和中和；通过细胞受体（调理作用）促进识别；以及炎症的调节。因此，先天免疫的体液部分是一个由不同分子组成的综合系统，与抗体具有相同的功能输出。
