Aloui A, Chtourou H, Briki W, Tabben M, Chaouachi A, Souissi N, Shephard R J, Chamari K
High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, University of Gafsa, Gafsa, Tunisia.
Research Unit: Education, Motricité, Sport et Santé, UR15JS01, High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Tunisia.
Biol Sport. 2016 Dec;33(4):407-413. doi: 10.5604/20831862.1224098. Epub 2016 Nov 10.
Judo is a weight-classified combat sport, and many athletes seek to compete at the lightest possible weight category to gain an advantage from competing against shorter/smaller, and supposedly weaker opponents. To achieve a desired weight, most judokas opt for rapid weight loss techniques. Short-duration maximal efforts are not greatly affected by "making weight", but prolonged and/or repeated exercise is significantly impaired. Negative effects on mood, ratings of perceived exertion, and cognitive function are also reported. Moreover, rapid weight loss reduces maximal cardiac output and glycogen stores, and impairs thermo-regulation. Limited empirical data suggest that Ramadan reduces judokas' performance, and this is likely to be exacerbated by attempts at rapid weight loss. Weight reduction during Ramadan tends to be counterproductive, and judokas who aim for a lower weight category are advised to attempt any desired reduction of body mass during the weeks leading up to Ramadan, rather than during the holy month.
柔道是一项按体重分级的格斗运动，许多运动员试图在尽可能轻的体重级别参赛，以便在与身材更矮/更小、且据推测实力较弱的对手竞争中获得优势。为达到理想体重，大多数柔道运动员会选择快速减重技巧。短时间的最大强度努力受“降体重”的影响不大，但长时间和/或重复运动则会受到显著损害。也有报告称，这会对情绪、主观用力感觉评分和认知功能产生负面影响。此外，快速减重会降低最大心输出量和糖原储备，并损害体温调节功能。有限的实证数据表明，斋月会降低柔道运动员的表现，而快速减重的尝试可能会使这种情况恶化。斋月期间减重往往会适得其反，建议那些目标是更低体重级别的柔道运动员在斋月前几周尝试进行任何想要的体重减轻，而不是在斋月期间。
