Native Hawaiian Mental Health Research Development Program (NHMHRDP); Department of Psychiatry, 1356 Lusitana St., 4th Floor, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawai'i, 96813, USA
Native Hawaiian Mental Health Research Development Program (NHMHRDP); Department of Psychiatry, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawai'i, USA.
Int J Soc Psychiatry. 2005 Sep;51(3):242-258. doi: 10.1177/0020764005057371.
Research on the prevalence and correlates of adolescent misconduct, arrests, and juvenile delinquency has been greatly neglected for the ethnically diverse adolescent groups in Hawai'i (i.e. Asian Americans, Pacific Islanders).
The aims of the present study are three-fold: (1) to determine whether there are differential rates of adolescent misconduct based on ethnicity, gender, and socioeconomic (SES) factors; (2) on an exploratory basis, to ascertain the demographic, social-cultural, psychological-psychiatric, and school-related correlates of misconduct, with some focus on cultural identification; and (3) to derive a parsimonious model of the correlates for an ethnically diverse group of adolescents by disentangling cultural identification from other variables including ethnicity.
Data were analyzed from the Native Hawaiian Mental Health Research Development Program, consisting of 2,732 Asian/Pacific Islander youths. Misconduct was operationally defined as 'was arrested or got in serious trouble with the law' within the past six months via adolescent self-report. Of added importance were the inclusion of a valid measure of Hawaiian cultural identification and actual school data.
Significantly higher rates were obtained for Native Hawaiians, males, and adolescents whose main wage earners' educational attainment was at the high school level or less. Absences may be a more important marker for females than males in the prediction of arrests and serious trouble with the law. The most parsimonious model of self-reported arrests/serious trouble with the law consisted of four variables in the following order of importance: substance use, actual grade-point average, aggressive symptoms, and gender.
This is one of the first major studies to examine the prevalence and risk-protective factors of misconduct for adolescents of Asian/Pacific Islander ancestry, and the first to include a valid measure of cultural identification and actual school data. The findings indicated that gender-specific prevention and intervention programs are needed. However, the issues are also complex whereby the use of substances, school performance, and aggression must be taken into account in deriving successful programs. The lack of sustained association between culturally based factors (e.g., ethnicity, Hawaiian cultural identifi-cation) and misconduct in the final parsimonious model suggested that the culturally based variables are not direct causes of misconduct, but rather correlates of misconduct that are over-shadowed by more substantive factors, such as substance use and academic performance, the latter being variables that must be addressed for youths across the United States. The present results reaffirmed the common correlates of misconduct across different ethnic groups. Further research is needed in the causal relationships among these important associations with misconduct.
在夏威夷（即亚裔美国人、太平洋岛民）这样一个种族多元化的青少年群体中，对青少年不当行为、被捕和少年犯罪的流行率及其相关因素的研究一直被严重忽视。
本研究旨在达到以下三个目标：（1）确定青少年不当行为是否因种族、性别和社会经济地位（SES）因素而存在差异；（2）以探索性的方式，确定与不当行为相关的人口统计学、社会文化、心理精神病学和学校相关因素，其中一些因素侧重于文化认同；（3）通过将文化认同与包括种族在内的其他变量区分开来，为一个种族多元化的青少年群体建立一个简约的相关因素模型。
数据来自夏威夷原住民心理健康研究发展计划，其中包括 2732 名亚裔/太平洋岛民青少年。通过青少年自我报告，将过去六个月内“被捕或陷入严重法律纠纷”的行为定义为不当行为。更重要的是，包括了对夏威夷文化认同的有效衡量和实际的学校数据。
与其他群体相比，夏威夷原住民、男性和主要经济来源的受教育程度为高中或以下的青少年的比例明显更高。对于女性来说，旷课可能比男性更能预测被捕和严重违法的风险。自我报告的被捕/严重违法的最简约模型由四个按重要性顺序排列的变量组成：药物使用、实际平均绩点、攻击症状和性别。
这是首次对亚裔/太平洋岛民青少年不当行为的流行率和风险保护因素进行的重要研究之一，也是首次纳入有效文化认同衡量标准和实际学校数据的研究。研究结果表明，需要制定针对特定性别的预防和干预计划。然而，问题也很复杂，在制定成功的计划时，必须考虑到药物使用、学业成绩和攻击行为等因素。在最后一个简约模型中，基于文化的因素（如种族、夏威夷文化认同）与不当行为之间缺乏持续的关联表明，这些基于文化的变量不是不当行为的直接原因，而是不当行为的相关因素，这些因素被药物使用和学业成绩等更实质性的因素所掩盖，而学业成绩是美国各地青少年都必须解决的一个变量。本研究结果再次证实了不同种族群体中不当行为的共同相关因素。需要进一步研究这些重要因素与不当行为之间的因果关系。
