Lamb Karen E, Thornton Lukar E, Teychenne Megan, Milte Catherine, Cerin Ester, Ball Kylie
Deakin University, Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Geelong, VIC, Australia.
Institute for Health and Ageing, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Australia.
BMC Public Health. 2017 Jan 17;17(1):83. doi: 10.1186/s12889-017-4022-4.
This study examined associations between alcohol outlet access and alcohol intake, depressive symptoms score and risk of depression among women residing in disadvantaged neighbourhoods in Victoria, Australia.
Data on depressive symptoms, alcohol intake and socio-demographic characteristics were obtained from a sample of 995 adult women from Victoria, Australia who were surveyed as part of the Resilience in Eating and Activity Despite Inequality (READI) study. The location of all licensed alcohol outlets in Victoria was obtained from the Victorian Commission for Gambling and Liquor Regulation. Participant and alcohol outlet addresses were geocoded to calculate individual alcohol outlet access, defined as the number of outlets (all and by sub-type) within 0.4 km and 3 km of participants' homes. Separate regression models with clustered standard errors were fitted to examine associations between access and alcohol intake according to national recommended limits for short- and long-term harm, frequency of consumption above long-term harm guidelines, depressive symptoms score and risk of depression.
Odds of consumption within short-term harm guidelines (≤4 drinks on any day) decreased with increasing access within 3 km, irrespective of outlet type. Typically, there was no evidence to support associations between access and consumption above long-term harm guidelines (>2 drinks on any day) unless considering frequency of consumption at this level where results showed decreased odds of 'don't drink' versus frequently drinking above long-term harm guidelines (i.e., >2 drinks at least once per week) with increasing access at either distance. Although there was no evidence of an association between any of the alcohol outlet access measures and depressive symptoms score, odds of being at risk of depression decreased with increasing access within 3 km.
This study found some evidence to support an association between increasing alcohol outlet densities of all types and harmful levels of alcohol consumption, and the association appears to be dependent on the distance threshold considered, among women residing in socioeconomically disadvantaged neighbourhoods within Victoria, Australia. However, higher numbers of alcohol outlets appear to be associated with a slightly lower risk of depression, with further research needed to identify the direction and mechanisms underlying this unintuitive association.
本研究调查了澳大利亚维多利亚州弱势社区女性的酒精销售点可达性与酒精摄入量、抑郁症状评分及抑郁症风险之间的关联。
抑郁症状、酒精摄入量和社会人口学特征数据来自澳大利亚维多利亚州995名成年女性的样本，这些女性作为“不平等环境下饮食与活动的恢复力”（READI）研究的一部分接受了调查。维多利亚州所有持牌酒精销售点的位置信息来自维多利亚州赌博与酒类监管委员会。参与者和酒精销售点的地址经地理编码后，计算个体的酒精销售点可达性，定义为参与者家周围0.4公里和3公里范围内的销售点数量（所有类型及各子类型）。采用带有聚类标准误的单独回归模型，根据短期和长期危害的国家推荐限量、高于长期危害指南的消费频率、抑郁症状评分和抑郁症风险，研究可达性与酒精摄入量之间的关联。
在3公里范围内，随着可达性增加，符合短期危害指南（任何一天饮酒量≤4杯）的饮酒几率降低，与销售点类型无关。通常，没有证据支持可达性与高于长期危害指南的饮酒量（任何一天饮酒量>2杯）之间存在关联，除非考虑该饮酒水平的消费频率，此时结果显示，在两个距离范围内，随着可达性增加，“不饮酒”的几率降低，而频繁高于长期危害指南饮酒（即每周至少一次饮酒量>2杯）的几率增加。虽然没有证据表明任何酒精销售点可达性指标与抑郁症状评分之间存在关联，但在3公里范围内，随着可达性增加，患抑郁症的风险几率降低。
本研究发现一些证据支持，在澳大利亚维多利亚州社会经济弱势社区的女性中，各类酒精销售点密度增加与有害酒精消费水平之间存在关联，且这种关联似乎取决于所考虑的距离阈值。然而，更多的酒精销售点似乎与略低的抑郁症风险相关，需要进一步研究以确定这种不直观关联背后的方向和机制。
