Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia.
Propel Centre for Population Health Impact, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada.
Int J Epidemiol. 2017 Oct 1;46(5):1433-1443. doi: 10.1093/ije/dyx040.
Dietary patterns that align with recommended guidelines appear to minimize long-term weight gain in the general population. However, prospective associations between diet quality and weight change in disadvantaged adults have not been examined. This study examined associations between concurrent change in diet quality and body mass index (BMI) over 5 years among women living in socioeconomically disadvantaged neighbourhoods.
Dietary intake and BMI were self-reported among 1242 women living in disadvantaged neighbourhoods in Victoria, Australia, at three time points from 2007/08 to 2012/13. Diet quality was evaluated using the Australian Dietary Guideline Index (DGI). Associations between concurrent change in diet quality and BMI were assessed over the three time points using fixed effects and mixed models. Models were adjusted for age, smoking, menopausal status, education, marital status, number of births, urban/rural location and physical activity.
Average BMI increased by 0.14 kg/m2 per year increase in age in the fixed effects model, and by 0.13 kg/m2 in the mixed model (P < 0.0001). BMI decreased by 0.014 kg/m2 for a woman of average age with each unit increase in DGI score in the fixed effects model (p < 0.0001), and by 0.012 kg/m2 in the mixed model (P = 0.001). The rate of change in BMI with age was greater for those with a lower DGI score than for those with a higher score (P < 0.10).
Positive change in diet quality was associated with reduced BMI gain among disadvantaged women. Supporting disadvantaged women to adhere to population-level dietary recommendations may assist them with long-term weight management.
与推荐指南一致的饮食模式似乎可以最大限度地减少一般人群的长期体重增加。然而，在处于不利地位的成年人中，饮食质量与体重变化之间的前瞻性关联尚未得到检验。本研究调查了在维多利亚州社会经济地位不利的社区中生活的女性在 5 年内饮食质量和体重指数 (BMI) 同时变化的相关性。
2007/08 年至 2012/13 年期间，1242 名生活在澳大利亚维多利亚州社会经济地位不利社区的女性在三个时间点报告了饮食摄入和 BMI。使用澳大利亚饮食指南指数 (DGI) 评估饮食质量。使用固定效应和混合模型在三个时间点评估饮食质量同时变化与 BMI 之间的相关性。模型调整了年龄、吸烟、绝经状态、教育、婚姻状况、生育次数、城乡位置和体力活动。
在固定效应模型中，年龄每增加 1 岁，BMI 平均增加 0.14 kg/m2，混合模型中增加 0.13 kg/m2（P < 0.0001）。在固定效应模型中，DGI 评分每增加 1 个单位，平均年龄女性的 BMI 平均降低 0.014 kg/m2（P < 0.0001），在混合模型中降低 0.012 kg/m2（P = 0.001）。DGI 评分较低的女性 BMI 随年龄变化的速度比评分较高的女性更快（P < 0.10）。
饮食质量的积极变化与弱势女性 BMI 增加减少有关。支持弱势女性遵守人群水平的饮食建议可能有助于她们进行长期体重管理。
