Atmospheric Science Research Group, Department of Geosciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX.
Climate, Atmospheric Science, and Physical Oceanography, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA.
Photochem Photobiol. 2017 Jul;93(4):1123-1132. doi: 10.1111/php.12721. Epub 2017 Feb 24.
Childhood exposure to ultraviolet radiation (UVR) is a major risk factor for the development of melanoma later in life. However, it is challenging to accurately determine personal outdoor exposure to UVR, specifically erythemally weighted UVR (UV ), due to technological constraints, variable time-activity patterns, and the influence of outdoor environmental design. To address this challenge, this study utilized mobile and stationary techniques to examine the UV exposures of 14 children in a schoolyard in Lubbock, TX, in spring 2016. The aims of the study were to examine the influence of artificial shade on personal UV exposures and to assess full sun exposure ratios (ERs) within the same playground microenvironment. On average, personal wrist dosimeters worn during play in the sun measured 18% of the total onsite UV measured by a stationary UV pyranometer. Shade was found to significantly reduce the personal UV exposures by 55%, UVB exposures by 91%, and the overall solar radiation by 84%. Substantial benefits can be garnered through focused design of children's recreational space to utilize shade-both natural and artificial-to reduce UVR exposures during play, and to extend safe outdoor stays. Finally, although the wrist is a practical location for a dosimeter, it often underestimates full exposures, particularly during physical activity.
儿童时期暴露于紫外线辐射（UVR）是日后发生黑色素瘤的主要危险因素。然而，由于技术限制、可变的时间-活动模式以及户外环境设计的影响，准确确定个人户外 UVR 暴露，特别是红斑加权 UVR（UV），具有挑战性。为了应对这一挑战，本研究利用移动和固定技术，于 2016 年春季在德克萨斯州拉伯克的一所学校操场上，对 14 名儿童的 UV 暴露情况进行了研究。本研究的目的是考察人工遮荫对个人 UV 暴露的影响，并评估同一操场微环境中的全阳光暴露比（ER）。在阳光照射下玩耍时佩戴的个人腕部剂量计平均仅测量到现场固定 UV 日射强度计测量的总 UV 的 18%。结果表明，遮荫显著降低了 55%的个人 UV 暴露、91%的 UVB 暴露和 84%的总太阳辐射。通过有针对性地设计儿童娱乐空间，充分利用遮荫（包括自然和人工遮荫）来减少玩耍时的 UVR 暴露，并延长安全的户外停留时间，可带来实质性的益处。最后，尽管腕部是剂量计的实用位置，但它通常会低估全暴露量，尤其是在进行体育活动时。
