Laboratory of Phytopathology, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands.
J Integr Plant Biol. 2017 Mar;59(3):164-179. doi: 10.1111/jipb.12520.
Understanding plant resistance to pathogenic microbes requires detailed information on the molecular mechanisms controlling the execution of plant innate immune responses. A growing body of evidence places phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C (PI-PLC) enzymes immediately downstream of activated immune receptors, well upstream of the initiation of early defense responses. An increase of the cytoplasmic levels of free Ca , lowering of the intercellular pH and the oxidative burst are a few examples of such responses and these are regulated by PI-PLCs. Consequently, PI-PLC activation represents an early primary signaling switch between elicitation and response involving the controlled hydrolysis of essential signaling phospholipids, thereby simultaneously generating lipid and non-lipid second messenger molecules required for a swift cellular defense response. Here, we elaborate on the signals generated by PI-PLCs and their respective downstream effects, while providing an inventory of different types of evidence describing the involvement of PI-PLCs in various aspects of plant immunity. We project the discussed information into a model describing the cellular events occurring after the activation of plant immune receptors. With this review we aim to provide new insights supporting future research on plant PI-PLCs and the development of plants with improved resistance.
理解植物对病原微生物的抗性需要详细了解控制植物固有免疫反应执行的分子机制。越来越多的证据表明，磷酸肌醇特异性磷脂酶 C（PI-PLC）酶位于激活的免疫受体的下游，远在早期防御反应的起始之前。细胞质中游离 Ca2+水平的增加、细胞间 pH 值的降低和氧化爆发就是这种反应的几个例子，而这些反应受 PI-PLC 的调节。因此，PI-PLC 的激活代表了涉及必需信号脂质的受控水解的激发和反应之间的早期主要信号开关，从而同时生成快速细胞防御反应所需的脂质和非脂质第二信使分子。在这里，我们详细阐述了 PI-PLC 产生的信号及其各自的下游效应，同时提供了不同类型的证据清单，描述了 PI-PLC 参与植物免疫的各个方面。我们将讨论的信息投射到描述植物免疫受体激活后发生的细胞事件的模型中。通过这篇综述，我们旨在提供新的见解，支持未来对植物 PI-PLC 的研究以及提高抗性的植物的开发。
