Ryan R M, Connell J P
Department of Psychology, University of Rochester, New York 14627.
J Pers Soc Psychol. 1989 Nov;57(5):749-61. doi: 10.1037//0022-3514.57.5.749.
Theories of internalization typically suggest that self-perceptions of the "causes" of (i.e. reasons for) behavior are differentiated along a continuum of autonomy that contains identifiable gradations. A model of perceived locus of causality (PLOC) is developed, using children's self-reported reasons for acting. In Project 1, external, introjected, identified, and intrinsic types of reasons for achievement-related behaviors are shown to conform to a simplex-like (ordered correlation) structure in four samples. These reason categories are then related to existing measures of PLOC and to motivation. A second project examines 3 reason categories (external, introject, and identification) within the domain of prosocial behavior. Relations with measures of empathy, moral judgement and positive interpersonal relatedness are presented. Finally, the proposed model and conceptualization of PLOC are discussed with regard to intrapersonal versus interpersonal perception, internalization, cause-reason distinctions, and the significance of perceived autonomy in human behavior.
内化理论通常认为，对行为“原因”（即理由）的自我认知是沿着一个包含可识别等级的自主性连续体来区分的。利用儿童自我报告的行为原因，构建了一个因果感知源（PLOC）模型。在项目1中，与成就相关行为的外部、内摄、认同和内在类型的原因在四个样本中被证明符合一种类似单形（有序相关）的结构。然后，这些原因类别与现有的PLOC测量方法以及动机相关联。第二个项目考察了亲社会行为领域内的三种原因类别（外部、内摄和认同）。呈现了与同理心、道德判断和积极人际关联测量方法的关系。最后，就人际内与人际间感知、内化、因果区分以及感知自主性在人类行为中的重要性，对所提出的PLOC模型和概念化进行了讨论。
