会议报告：第五届福岛辐射与健康国际专家研讨会
Meeting report: the 5th International expert symposium in Fukushima on radiation and health.
作者信息
Saenko Vladimir A, Thomas Geraldine A, Yamashita Shunichi
机构信息
Department of Radiation Molecular Epidemiology, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, 852-8523, Nagasaki, Japan.
Imperial College London, Charing Cross Hospital, Fulham Palace Road, London, W6 8RF, UK.
出版信息
Environ Health. 2017 Jan 18;16(1):3. doi: 10.1186/s12940-017-0211-y.
BACKGROUND
The symposium entitled "Chernobyl +30, Fukushima +5: Lessons and Solutions for Fukushima's Thyroid Question" was held in September, 2016 in Fukushima. The aim of the Symposium was to revisit and recapitulate evidence from the studies in Chernobyl in order to share multidisciplinary opinions and views on the likely reason for the high rate of thyroid cancer detected by the Thyroid Ultrasound Examination program in Fukushima Prefecture.
PARTICIPANTS AND MATTERS DISCUSSED
The high prevalence of thyroid cancer in young individuals causes concerns among Fukushima residents and the general public that it might be due to putative radiation exposure from the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident. Twenty-six experts from Japan and abroad, including participants affiliated with international organizations, reviewed the results of radiation epidemiology investigations in Chernobyl, presented clinical experience of diagnosis, treatment and follow-up of patients with radiation-related thyroid cancer, and scrutinized the findings on thyroid cancer in Fukushima.
CONCLUSION
Conclusions drawn at the symposium included understanding that in contrast to Chernobyl, doses to the public from the accident in Fukushima were too low to give rise to a discernible excess risk for thyroid cancer. The high detection rate of thyroid cancer and benign abnormalities resulted from the use of highly sensitive ultrasound equipment and sophisticated protocol of examination used in the Thyroid Ultrasound Examination, and therefore not attributable to radiation. Coordinated efforts will be necessary to avoid overdiagnosis and overtreatment, which may carry its own health disbenefits. Clear communication to the screening participants and their families is recommended in regard to why the examination is being conducted and to explain the likely outcomes and risks, including the means and options for treatment if a thyroid disorder is detected.
背景
题为“切尔诺贝利事故30年后，福岛事故5年后：福岛甲状腺问题的经验教训与解决方案”的研讨会于2016年9月在福岛举行。该研讨会的目的是回顾和总结切尔诺贝利研究中的证据，以便就福岛县甲状腺超声检查项目检测到的甲状腺癌高发病率的可能原因分享多学科的意见和观点。
参会人员与讨论事项
年轻个体中甲状腺癌的高患病率引起了福岛居民和公众的担忧，他们认为这可能是由于福岛第一核电站事故假定的辐射暴露所致。来自日本和国外的26位专家，包括与国际组织有关联的参会人员，回顾了切尔诺贝利辐射流行病学调查的结果，介绍了辐射相关甲状腺癌患者诊断、治疗和随访的临床经验，并仔细研究了福岛甲状腺癌的调查结果。
结论
研讨会上得出的结论包括，认识到与切尔诺贝利事故不同，福岛事故对公众造成的剂量过低，不足以产生可察觉的甲状腺癌额外风险。甲状腺癌和良性异常的高检出率是由于甲状腺超声检查中使用了高灵敏度的超声设备和精密的检查方案，因此并非归因于辐射。有必要做出协调一致的努力，以避免过度诊断和过度治疗，因为这可能会带来自身的健康危害。建议向筛查参与者及其家属进行明确的沟通，说明进行检查的原因，并解释可能的结果和风险，包括如果检测到甲状腺疾病的治疗方法和选择。
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